Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - ANSWER ✓✓
Consists of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
Innate Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
,-Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and
macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages - ANSWER ✓✓ 1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or
not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
Adaptive Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
, -Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -B-Cells
-Memory B-Cells
-Plasma act to produce immunoglobulins (Igs) or antibodies
B-Cell - ANSWER ✓✓ -each one is programmed to make one specific antibody
-Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached
to surface of a microbe
-When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting
antibodies that are unique to that antigen
-Some will go to the BM where they will continue to secrete antibodies sometimes
for years
Cell-Mediated Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ Depends upon cytotoxic T cells and
helper T cells and their cyokinds
-more effective against antigens within cells
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