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Pneumonia Vaccination Recommendations (According To PowerPak CE)- Questions With Solutions
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Pneumonia Vaccination Recommendations (According To PowerPak CE)- Questions With Solutions
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Pneumonia Vaccination Recommendations (AccordingTo PowerPak CE)- Questions With Solutions
What pathogens can cause pneumonia? Right Ans - viruses, bacteria,
mycoplasma, and fungi
What are the most common bacterial pathogens that cause pneumonia?
Right Ans - Pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis,
group A Streptococcus, and other aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative
organisms
What are less common causes of pneumonia? Right Ans - Less common or
"atypical" bacterial causes include Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia.
What is the most common type of pneumonia? What causes it? Right Ans -
Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common type of pneumonia and is
caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infiltration
What health problems besides lung infection can pneumonia cause? Right
Ans - It can also cause sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia.
What percentage of pneumonia cases are attributable to CAP in the USA
(Community Acquired Pneumonia)? Right Ans - 15%
What is CAP?
What is HAP?
What is VAP? Right Ans - *Community Acquired Pneumonia.
*Hospital Acquired Pneuomonia (Occurs after at least 48 hours of
hospitalization)
*Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia (Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a
subset of HAP that affects patients receiving mechanical ventilation.)
S. pneumoniae is responisible for more CAP or H/VAP infections? Right
Ans - S. pneumoniae causes between 9% to 46% of HAP and VAP cases, while
this bacterium is the primary cause of CAP.
, Signs and symptoms of pneumonia infection: Right Ans - Pneumonia has a
brief incubation period of 1 to 3 days with a relatively quick onset of
symptoms including fever, shaking, chills, productive cough, pleuritic chest
pain, malaise, weakness, and difficulty breathing
Patients who are at risk of developing a serious case of pneumonia? Right
Ans - Over the age of 65 years
Alcoholism
chronic heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease
Diabetes
HIV
Cancer
nephrotic syndrome or sickle cell disease
damaged spleen/no spleen
cochlear implants
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
solid organ transplant recipient immunocompromised.
Cigarette smokers
What are the different types of Pneumonia vaccines available? Right Ans -
There is 1 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and 3 pneumococcal
conjugate vaccines (PCVs).
Important features of PPSV Right Ans - *Polysaccharide based (so not
protein based)
*Stimulates B cells (no Helper T cells)
*No memory T or B cells
*Less functional activity than those induced by protein based antigens
*Not good for children (kids need the protein based antigen)
Important features of PCV's Right Ans - *Protein based
*More likely to stimulate immune response in children
*May boost antibody response after repeated vaccinations
*Work by combining polysaccharides with proteins
*All PCV's have aluminum as an adjuvant
Benefits and drawbacks of adjuvants Right Ans - *Incorporating adjuvants
into vaccines increases their ability to stimulate an inflammatory response,
which strengthens the response to the antigen
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