Effective absorbed dose= Equivalent dose - ANS--EDE , absorbed dose multiply with the aid of
the correct excellent element and measured in REMS
radiation motive a biologic effect, no threshold is what we use
-Indirect hit idea - ANS-entails the irradiation of water molecules in mobile cytoplasm and
introduction of free radials (modifications cells)
-Radiation has enough power to reason the ejection of electrons from atoms.
-lack of electrons bring about ionizations of atoms
-Ionization may have kill mobile and feature lasting biologic consequences - ANS-real
· Electromagnetic radiation has - ANS-no mass
· When x rays are absorbed by using frame tissue they purpose - ANS-ionization of atoms and
molecules
·Material that permit x radiation to bypass via is called - ANS-radiolucent
·The annual dose limit for the majority - ANS-0.1 rem (roentgen equivalent guy) affected person
·The cumulative dose restrict for a 50 years old radiation worker # - ANS-50 rem (roentgen
equal guy)
) Chemical materials which are used to kill pathogenic micro organism are called: -
ANS--germicides
-disinfectants
) Chemical materials that inhibit boom of pathogenic microorganisms without always killing them
are called: - ANS-antiseptics
) Which of the subsequent is used to evaluate focal spot length? - ANS-slit digicam
1 coulomb/kilogram (C/kg) - ANS-3,880 roentgens
1 grey (Gy) - ANS-100 rads
1 rad - ANS-zero.01 Gy =
1 rem - ANS-0.01 Sv
1 roentgen (R) equals - ANS-zero.000258 coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
1 sievert (Sv) = - ANS-100 rem
15% rule for kVp - ANS-if the kVp is elevated via 15%, the density is doubled with the aid of 2
99% of the electricity of the electrons striking the goal is converted to - ANS-warmness
A one hundred pace display is ____ (quicker/slower) than a 400 velocity screen - ANS-slower
A CR histogram is a photograph illustration of - ANS-Grayscale values of the imaged element
A curie is the equivalent of - ANS-1.000 millicuries
A full wave rectification device has - ANS-requires 4 diodes
produces two times as lots radiation in keeping with 2d as half of wave rectified gadget
A highspeed electron passes closes to the nucleus of a big atom, changing direction and
velocity, and producing an x=ray in which of the subsequent interactions - ANS-Bremsstrahlung
or braking interplay,
A Ion is - ANS-An atom or group of atoms that has a high quality or terrible rate.
,A ion pair is - ANS-·an electron and a positively charged atom
A huge source size may be compensated for via: - ANS-increasing the supply-to-specimen
distance
A restricted radiographer operates in what way - ANS-operates in an moral and felony
surroundings based upon the fitness care worker- affected person courting
being considerate, respectful, and keeping sufferers privacy
A optically stimulated luminescene (osl) dosimetry gadget could use which of the subsequent
crystals - ANS-aluminum oxide
A Pt acquired 02. Milligray (mGy) during an x-ray examination. Is a expression of -
ANS-absorbed dose/ publicity is first-rate measured in coulomb/kilogram.. Sieverts express
powerful dose
A fine guarantee software consists of tests on which of the subsequent radiographic equipment
situations? - ANS-1. Reproducibility
2. Linearity
three. Nice beam challenge
A radiograph made with a parallel grid demonstrates reduced density on its lateral edges. This
is most in all likelihood due to: - ANS-reduced SID
A statement that fine describe a x-ray - ANS-able to ionize depend/ have enough electricity to
ionize count, creating ion pairs (superb atom and an electron)
A machine used to view radiographs is called PACS. What does PACS stands for? -
ANS-Picture archiving and communication systems
A version in beam density because it passes thru pt is called what - ANS-difficulty evaluation
A wire mesh is used to test: - ANS-screen pace
According to NCRP #102, what's the minimum lead apron thickness required whilst running with
an x-ray tube with a height operating power of 12 kvp - ANS-0.25 mm
According to the NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), what's
the minimum lead requirement for lead aprons? - ANS-zero.50 mm Pb
Accurate operation of the AEC device is dependent on: - ANS--positioning of the object with
respect to the ionization chamber
-beam limit
Allows duplication of PACS statistics to save you facts loss - ANS-RAID ( redundant array of
unbiased disks)
alpha radiation - ANS-are unable to penetrate the outer layer of dead pores and skin cells, but
are capable, if an alpha emitting substance is ingested in meals or air, of inflicting critical cellular
harm. Alpha radiation isn't as dangerous because it's far not going to reach residing cells in the
frame. Beta and gamma radiation are the most dangerous resources because they are able to
penetrate the skin and harm the cells inside.
An grownup girl pt has a temp of 98.70 f, a pulse of 78 bpm, and a bp of 142/93mm hg. What
would be the situation - ANS-high blood pressure
An x-ray radiograph demonstrating terrible assessment resolution may be attributed to infusient:
- ANS-Beam Restriction
Annual average dose for a radiation worker is - ANS-20
Annual dose restriction general public (expect for Medical reveal) - ANS-1.Zero
Anode - ANS--Positively charged electrode
, -incorporates the goal
-often includes small and large filaments (twin focus) inside a focusing cup
-rotates at some point of reveal to distribute warmth
As display pace increase, - ANS-the quantity of x-rays needed to produce adequate density
______________decrease
As the kilovoltage carried out to the X-ray tube is raised: - ANS-X rays of shorter wavelength
and more penetrating power are produce
Atoms, molecules, and diverse subatomic particles which convey either a superb or terrible
electric rate are known as - ANS-ions
attenuation which means - ANS-the system of reduction, which includes the attenuation of an
x-ray beam via decreasing its intensity, the weakening of the diploma of virulence of a disorder
organism, or culturing underneath damaging situations.
Attenuation of radiation is because of: - ANS-absorption and scattering
Automatic Exposure Control - ANS-What does AEC stand for?
Is an X-ray publicity termination tool.
Beam quality is stricken by - ANS-·the kVp regulates the rate of electrons travelling from the
cathode to the anode and determines the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
beam restrictors contrast located simply beneath - ANS--the x-ray tube housing, the
beam-proscribing tool modifications the form and length of the number one beam.
-The terms beam restriction and collimation are used interchangeably; they consult with a lower
in the size of the projected radiation discipline.
Beam restrictors is a tool that is - ANS--attached to the outlet of the x-ray tube housing to adjust
the scale and form of an x-ray beam.
-Sheet of lead with a hollow in the middle.
-The length and form of the hollow will determine the dimensions and shape of the x-ray beam
Because of the anode heel effect, radiation intensity is - ANS-more at the cathode and much
less on the anode ends of the x-ray beam
beta radiation - ANS-is capable of travel in addition in air, up to 3 meters, and can be stopped by
using a thick piece of plastic, or maybe a stack of paper. It can penetrate skin some centimeters,
posing really of an outside fitness risk. However, the primary threat continues to be often from
inner emission from ingested cloth.
Bremsstrahlung production of X-rays produces radiation that is composed of: - ANS-A non-stop
spectrum of energies over a few rang
Bremsstrahlung x-rays - ANS--electron striking the target interacts with goal atom nucleus,
slows down, dropping kinetic electricity that transformed into the and x-ray
can be seen in movie after processing - ANS-appear or seen picture
cassette / movie screen photo receptor - ANS-a light tight box for movie
cassette/computed radiography (CR) image receptor - ANS-includes reusable, x-rays sensitive
phosphor plate that captures latent photograph
Cathode - ANS--Negative electrode
-contains the filament
-heated to produce thermionic emission of electrons
Cells have foremost components - ANS-cellular membrane and the cytoplasm.
-80% of mobile content material is water
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