,1. Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is most commonly
associated with the pathophysiology of depression?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: b) Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in mood
regulation, and deficits in serotonin levels or function are
commonly associated with depression.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is a cognitive distortion where
an individual views a situation in only two categories instead of
on a continuum.
Answer: Dichotomous thinking
Rationale: Dichotomous thinking, also known as black-and-
white thinking, is a common cognitive distortion in psychiatric
disorders, leading to an oversimplified view of complex
situations.
, Rationale: ECT is primarily used for severe, treatment-resistant
depression and can also be effective for bipolar disorder and
certain cases of schizophrenia, not exclusively for treatment-
resistant schizophrenia.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are considered first-line treatments for generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD)?
a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c) Benzodiazepines
d) Physical exercise
Answers: a) CBT, b) SSRIs, d) Physical exercise
Rationale: CBT and SSRIs are established first-line treatments
for GAD. Physical exercise is recommended as a complementary
treatment due to its benefits on mental health. Benzodiazepines
may be used short-term but are not considered first-line due to the
risk of dependence.
, 6. Multiple Choice: What is the hallmark symptom of
schizophrenia?
a) Persistent feelings of sadness
b) Delusions
c) Excessive worry
d) Impulsive behavior
Answer: b) Delusions
Rationale: Delusions are one of the hallmark positive symptoms
of schizophrenia, characterized by fixed false beliefs that are not
amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
7. Fill-in-the-Blank: The therapeutic approach that focuses on the
here and now, and on challenging and changing unhelpful
cognitive distortions is known as __________ therapy.
Answer: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Rationale: CBT is a widely used therapeutic approach that
addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions
through a goal-oriented, systematic process.
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller EmilioOchieng. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
