15% drop in intravascular volume will lead to - Answers -hypovolemic shock
CM of pneumonia - Answers -crackles and the presence of tactile fremitus
CAP presents with - Answers -acute onset of symptoms
PCP presents with - Answers -gradual, insidious onset
activation of coagulation cascade has an role in the development of - Answers -
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis is a risk factor for - Answers -aneuryms
DM is a risk factor for - Answers -heart disease
why is DM a risk factor for heart disease - Answers -it is associated with altered fat
metabolism and high lipid levels
what is inactivated in ARDS - Answers -surfactant
when the body walls off TB which cells are activated - Answers -cytotoxic t cells
what needs to be reduced in cardiogenic shock - Answers -afterload
why is afterload important in cardiogenic shock - Answers -a high afterload stresses the
heart and makes the shock worse
what is not considered a restrctive pulmonary disorder - Answers -pnemothorax
what type of murmur is heart with ASD - Answers -crescendo-decresendo systolic
murmur
what type of vascular changes can be observed - Answers -change in the retina of the
eye
, what type of murmur can be heard with aortic stenosis - Answers -crescendo-decresndo
systolic heart murmur heard best at the 2nd ICS that radiates to the neck
When do CM of aortic stenosis develop - Answers -develop when heart is <1cm
what results from aortic stenosis in the heart(4) - Answers -1. left ventricular
hypertrophy
2. increased pressure and volume in Left Atria
3. Pulmonary HTN
4. edema
CM of aortic stenosis - Answers -1. decreased stroke volume
2. reduced systolic pressure secondary to foward flow obstruction
3. narrowed pulse pressure
4. decreased heart rate
sepsis is what type of response - Answers -inflammatory
what happens during sepsis - Answers -vasodilation and leaky blood vessels to allow
for neutrophils to come in and eat bacteria
basic pathological reasons for shock(name 3) - Answers -1. decrease in cardiac output
2. a decrease in circulating volume
3. widespread vasodilation.
what will shock lead to?(5) - Answers -1. hypotension
2. decreased organ perfusion
3. tissue and cellular hypoxia
4. anaerobic metabolism
5. production of lactic acid.
what is needed to perfuse the body - Answers -minimum of a systolic BP of 90mmHg
CM of pneumonia - Answers -dyspnea
fever
cough
chills
malaise
pleuritic chest pain
pulmonary rales
tactile fremitus
egophony( changes in ascultation when saying certain words)
whispered pectoriloquy(increased resosance of voice)
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