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NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 questions with correct answers
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NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 questions with correct answers
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NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5questions with correct answers
Upper GI organs - Answers -mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower GI organs - Answers -small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Hepatoportal circulation - Answers -hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood from the
inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein receives
deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and
delivers nutrients that have been absorbed from the intestinal system
Osmotic diarrhea - Answers -Caused by the presence of a nonabsorbable substance in
the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the intestinal lumen and results in large
volume diarrhea. This is how mag citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes include:
excessive ingestion of nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping syndrome,
malabsorption, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small intestine
bacterial overgrowth or celiac disease
Secretory diarrhea - Answers -Results in large volume losses secondary to infectious
causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Motility diarrhea - Answers -AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection of small
intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic neuropathy,
hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and bloating are common in
malabsorption syndrome. Complications include: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance,
metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malabsorption.
Upper GI bleed - Answers -bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or
duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or Mallory-Weiss
tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee
ground emesis.
Lower GI bleed - Answers -Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from
inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the
presence of bright red blood in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Peptic Ulcer Disease - Answers -Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the
esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to gastric acid.
Risk factors include smoking, advanced age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute
, pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with
Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
Duodenal ulcers - Answers -most common and tend to develop in younger patients.
S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may have melena(black and tarry
stool) or hematemesis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) - Answers -Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in
persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of remission and
exacerbations. Characterized by inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial
and in the small intestine.
UC S&S - Answers -recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis, uveitis,
sclerosing cholangitis, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum
UC complications - Answers -fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic
megacolon, colon perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Increased risk of VTE
and microthrombi, and colon cancer
Crohn's disease - Answers -Chronic inflammatory disorders that can affect any portion
of the GI tract but most often in the ileum and proximal colon. Affects persons in their
20-30s and of jewish decent. CARD15/NOD2 gene mutation commonly associated.
Crohn's disease risk factors - Answers -smoking, family history, Jewish decent, age less
than 40, slight predominance in women and altered gut microbiome.
Crohn's disease patho - Answers -includes trasmural involvement of the affected
area(entire wall of intestine is affected) and the presence of skip lesions. Disease
progression may lead to abscess formation in GI tract. Possible causes include
infectious agents, autoimmune, psychosomatic, impaired T-cell immunity
Crohn's disease S&S - Answers -abd pain, diarrhea, dehydration, bloody stools,
malabsorption, malnutrition, weight loss, intestinal obstruction from chronic
inflammation, fistulas and perforation of the intestine
Diverticular disease - Answers -Characterized as the presence of diverticula in the large
intestine. Risk factors include older age, genetic predisposition, obesity, smoking, diet,
lack of exercise, ASA and other NSAIDS, altered DI microbiome and abnormal colonic
peristalsis
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis - Answers -outpouchings of mucosa from the muscle layer of
the intestine that protrude into the intestinal lumen most commonly in the sigmoid colon.
Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in an asymptomatic person. Diverticulitis is
an inflammation of diverticula and cause LLQ pain. Results in abscess formation,
rupture and peritonitis
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