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Nr 283 VCAS final exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Nr 283 VCAS final exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Nr 283 VCAS final examQuestions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Spinal cord disorders; AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA... - Answer: (Spinal Cord Injury At T-6 Or Higher)
Triggered by sustained stimuli at T-6 or below from:
Restrictive Clothing
Full Bladder or UTI
Pressure Areas
Fecal Impaction
LEVEL OF INJURY ABOVE WAIST
Vasodilation Above
higher BP-Severe & Rapid
Flushed Face
• Headache
Distended Neck Veins lower Heart Rate
higher Sweating
-Level of Injury-t
Vasoconstriction Below
Pale
Cool
No Sweating
,Signs of spinal injury after an accident may include: - Answer: Pressure in the head. neck, or back
Intense back pain
Paralysis, lack of coordination, or weakness in any part of the body
Loss of sensation or numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, fingers, or toes
Twisted or oddly positioned neck or back
Impaired breathing
Loss of control of bladder or bowels
Trouble walking and balancing
Emphysema (COPD) - Answer: pathologic diagnosis: permanent enlargement and destruction of
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole
older and thin
severe dyspnea
quiet chest
x-ray: hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms
ANEMIA COMMON CAUSES - Answer: • Iron Deficiency
• Vitamin Deficiency
• Chronic Diseases
• Bone Marrow Diseases
• Hemolytic Anemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
kidney stones (renal calculi) - Answer: background
- occurs when there's on excess of crystal-forming substances that can't be dissolved in urine
contributing factors:
- disturbances in urinary h
-low urine volume
,-low fluid intake
-dietary factors
types of stones
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
struvite
uric acid
cystine
diagnosis
x-ray
non-contrast ct
→ ultrasound/mri
in renal pelvis
- asymptomatic
-no obstruction of urine flow
in ureter
-high pressure inside ureter
-spasms of smooth muscle lining
-distension of walls
- renal colic
-nausea/vomiting
in bladder
-frequent/painful urination
-chronic bladder discomfort -hydronephrosis
- low renal function
-pyelonephritis
treatment
NSAIDs
, iv fluids
medical expulsive therapy
lithotripsy
ureteral endoscopy
Hypercalcemia manifestation - Answer: strong heart
dehydration
weight loss
anorexia
pruritis
polydipsia
drsrhythmia short QT AND ST
bone pain, kidney stones
Hyperplasia - Answer: Increased in the number of cells.
Eg. Mamorary glands and uterine enlargement during pregnancy.
Hypoxia - Answer: Low oxygenations / reduced oxygenation in tissue
phlebitis - Answer: Inflammation of the veins
Homeostasis - Answer: The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment for cells In the body.
The body's systems maintain a stable environment while adjusting to changing external conditions
Trisomy - Answer: 3 chromosomes instead OF 2
Pathology - Answer: The study of the tissue changes associated with disease
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