NR 283 Pathophysiology
Exam 2 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Functions of the skin - Answer: -First line of defense
-Prevents excessive fluid loss
-Controls body temperature
-Active in sensory perception
-Synthesizes vitamin D
Mixed flora - Answer: Components differ in various areas of the body
Microbes - Answer: Reside under fingernails, in hair follicles and in glands
Opportunistic infections - Answer: May occur because of injury or other inflammatory lesion
Pruritus - Answer: Itching of the skin
Pruritus is associated with: - Answer: -Allergic responses, type I sensitivity
-Chemical irritation caused by insect bites
-Infestations by parasites (scabies)
Cause of pruritus - Answer: Release of histamine in a hypersensitivity response
, Effects of pruritus - Answer: -Redness and itching - inflammation
-Risk of infection due to scratching
Contact Dermatitis - Answer: Allergic skin rash, caused by a type IV reaction to direct contact with a
chemical
Allergic contact dermatitis - Answer: Exposure to an antigen, such as metals, cosmetics, soaps,
chemicals, plants
Sensitization occurs on first exposure - type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity - Answer: Allergic contact
dermatitis
Symptom of allergic contact dermatitis - Answer: Pruritic rash develops at site a few hours after
exposure
Irritant contact dermatitis - Answer: Inflammatory because of direct exposure irritant, does not involve
immune response
Treatment of irritant contact dermatitis - Answer: -Removal of irritant
-Reduction of inflammation with topical glucocorticoids
Urticaria - Answer: Hives
Causes of urticaria - Answer: Ingestion of substances, release histamine
-Result of type I hypersensitivity
Effects of urticaria - Answer: -Eruption of hard, raised erythematous lesion
-Often scattered all over the body
-Highly pruritic
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