Exam (elaborations)
Nclex questions 4100 exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions.
- Course
- Institution
Nclex questions 4100 exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions.
[Show more]
Content preview
Nclex questions 4100 exam 2 Questions With CompleteSolutions
A client arrives in the hospital emergency department
complaining of severe thirst and polyuria. The client tells the
nurse that she has a history of diabetes mellitus. A blood glucose
level is drawn, and the result is 685 mg/dL (39.1 mmol/L).
Which intervention should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed
initially for the client?
1.Glyburide via the oral route
2.Glucagon via the subcutaneous route
3.Insulin aspart via the subcutaneous route
4.Regular insulin via the intravenous (IV) route Correct Answer
4
Rationale:The client is most likely in diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA). Regular insulin via the IV route is the preferred
treatment for DKA. Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin and
can be given intravenously; it is titrated to the client's high blood
glucose levels. Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia, and
glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat type 2
diabetes mellitus. Insulin aspart is a short-acting insulin and is
not appropriate for the emergency treatment of DKA.
A client arrives in the hospital emergency department in an
unconscious state. As reported by the spouse, the client has
diabetes mellitus and began to show symptoms of
hypoglycemia. A blood glucose level is obtained for the client,
and the result is 40 mg/dL (2.28 mmol/L). Which medication
should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the client?
,1.Glucagon
2.Glyburide
3.Metformin
4.Regular insulin Correct Answer 1
Rationale:A blood glucose level lower than 50 mg/dL (2.85
mmol/L) is considered to be critically low. Glucagon is used to
treat hypoglycemia because it increases blood glucose levels.
Insulin would lower the client's blood glucose and would not be
an appropriate treatment for hypoglycemia. Glyburide and
metformin are oral hypoglycemic agents used to treat type 2
diabetes mellitus and would not be given to a client with
hypoglycemia. In addition, an oral medication would not be
administered to an unconscious client.
A client has a tumor that is interfering with the function of the
hypothalamus. The nurse should monitor for signs and
symptoms related to which imbalance?
1.Melatonin excess or deficit
2.Glucocorticoid excess or deficit
3.Mineralocorticoid excess or deficit
4.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) excess or deficit Correct
Answer 4
Rationale:The hypothalamus exerts an influence on both the
anterior and the posterior pituitary gland. Abnormalities can
result in excess or deficit of substances normally mediated by
the pituitary. ADH could be affected by disease of the
hypothalamus because the hypothalamus produces ADH and
stores it in the posterior pituitary gland. The pineal gland is
responsible for melatonin production. The adrenal cortex is
,responsible for the production of glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids.
A client has been diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. The
nurse should assess the client for which expected manifestations
of this disorder?
1.Dizziness
2.Weight loss
3.Hypoglycemia
4.Truncal obesity Correct Answer 4
Rationale:The client with Cushing's syndrome may exhibit a
number of different manifestations. These may include moon
face, truncal obesity, and a "buffalo hump" fat pad. Other signs
include hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia,
peripheral edema, hypertension, increased appetite, and weight
gain. Dizziness is not part of the clinical picture for this
disorder.
A client has been diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Which
clinical manifestation is most indicative of this condition?
1.Water loss 2.Bradycardia 3.Hypertension 4.Decreased cardiac
output Correct Answer 3
Rationale:The client with pheochromocytoma has a benign or
malignant tumor in the adrenal medulla. Because the medulla
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, the client will exhibit
signs related to excesses of these catecholamines, including
tachycardia, increased cardiac output, and increased blood
pressure. Vasoconstriction of the renal arteries triggers the
, renin-angiotensin system, resulting in water reabsorption and
retention.
A client has been hospitalized for impaired function of the
posterior pituitary gland. The nurse plans to monitor for signs
and symptoms of which hormone imbalance?
1.Growth hormone (GH)
2.Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Correct Answer 3
Rationale:ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. The
other hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland is oxytocin.
Both ADH and oxytocin are synthesized by the hypothalamus
and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. These hormones are
released as needed into the bloodstream. The anterior pituitary
gland produces GH, LH, and FSH.
A client has just been admitted to the nursing unit following
thyroidectomy. Which assessment is the priority for this client?
1. Hypoglycemia
2. Level of hoarseness
3. Respiratory distress
4. Edema at the surgical site Correct Answer 3
Rationale:
Thyroidectomy is the removal of the thyroid gland, which is
located in the anterior neck. It is very important to monitor
airway status, as any swelling to the surgical site could cause
respiratory distress. Although all of the options are important for
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Classroom. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73918 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now