HSC CHEMISTRY MODULE 7 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials
aromatic compounds
contains one or more benzene rings
aliphatic compounds
all other hydrocarbons
homologous series
grouping of organic compounds based on the general...
aromatic compounds
contains one or more benzene rings
aliphatic compounds
all other hydrocarbons
homologous series
grouping of organic compounds based on the general formula
saturated compounds
all carbon atoms hold the highest possible amount of H atoms
e.g alkanes
unsaturated compounds
not all carbon atoms hold the highest possible amount of H atoms
e.g alkenes and alkynes
alkanes have ____ bonds
only single
alkanes have a ___ suffix
-ane
alkanes molecular formula
CnH2n+2
what shape do alkanes form?
tetrahedral
alkenes have ____ bonds
double
alkenes have ___ suffix
-ene
alkene molecular formula
CnH2n
alkenes have a ____ shape
planar or linear
alkynes have ____ bonds
triple
alkynes have ___ suffix
-yne
alkyne molecular formula
CnH2n-2
alkyne have a ____ shape
linear
, what affects the boiling and melting point of an organic compounds?
1) intermolecular forces
2) length of carbon chain
3) branching
4) polarity
melting/boiling point:
intermolecular forces
order of strength:
hydrogen bond > dipole-dipole > dispersion forces
melting/boiling point:
length of carbon chain
length increases = increased attraction = more energy needed to separate = BP
increases
this is because in a longer chain, there are no dispersion forces to attach to surrounding
molecules
melting/boiling point:
branching
branch/length of branch = increase = area to bind to other molecules decrease =
dispersion forces between molecules decrease = BP decrease
melting/boiling point:
polarity
C-H bonds = non-polar
C-O bonds = polar bond
order of boiling point, from highest to lowest
alcohols, amines, carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, amine, ester, alkane
what affects the solubility of an organic compound?
1) polarity
2) primary, secondary and tertiary
solubility:
polarity
like dissolves like
water is polar
therefore, shorter chains = more polar = soluble
longer chain = more non polar = insoluble
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