BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Questions and Correct Verified Answers
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Course
BIO
Institution
BIO
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has a mass
Three Physical States of Matter
Solid, liquid, gas
Element
Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
reactions
Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells:
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, ni...
BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
Matter
✓ Anything that occupies space and has a mass
Three Physical States of Matter
✓ Solid, liquid, gas
Element
✓ Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
reactions
Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells:
✓ Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Atoms
✓ The smallest functional units of matter that form ALL chemical substances
Three subatomic particles
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✓ Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Protons
✓ Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of protons is what distinguishes one
element from another
Atomic number
✓ How many protons are in an element
Mass number
✓ sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
Isotopes
✓ Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons than protons. Ex;
Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.
Gaining vs. Losing electrons
✓ N+1 = Losing electron
✓ N-1 = Gaining electron
✓ Electrons = electronegative
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Octet rule
✓ Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full. The outer shell has to be
filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons.
Valence Electrons
✓ Electrons more likely to form bonds, taken away, or shared with other atoms.
Electrons in the outer shell
Compounds
✓ Putting two elements together
Two types of chemical bonds
✓ Ionic and covalent
Ionic Bonds
✓ ELECTRON SWAP- formed between oppositely charged ions. Ex; NaCl
Ions (2 types)
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