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NR 507 Week 2 Assignment Hematological Disorders GRADED A+ |ACTUAL ASSIGNMENT|
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NR 507 Week 2 Assignment Hematological DisordersGRADED A+ |ACTUAL ASSIGNMENT|
What is anemia? - ANSWER: A deficiency in:
- the number of RBCs
- quantity or quality of hemoglobin
What is the lymphatic system composed of? - ANSWER: - lymphatic tissue (nodes or
nodules)
- lymph (liquid transporting system)
- lymph vessels
- the spleen
- the thymus
What is the thymus? - ANSWER: A gland that produces T lymphocytes to assist in
removing pathogens and foreign materials, protect the body from infection, and
return fluid to blood vessels to maintain blood pressure
What is the function of the spleen? - ANSWER: - produce lymphocytes, monocytes,
and antibodies
- phagocytize old RBCs that have began to deteriorate
What are some causes of anemia? - ANSWER: - decreased RBC production
- deficient nutrients: iron, cobalamin, folic acid
- decreased erythropoietin
- decreased iron availability
- blood loss (chronic or acute)
- GI ulcers
- colorectal cancer
- liver disease (alcohol)
- acute trauma
- ruptured aortic aneurysm
- GI bleeding
- increased RBC destruction (hemolysis)
- sickle cell
- medication (methyldopa)
- incompatible blood
- trauma (cardiopulmonary bypass)
What is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world? - ANSWER: iron
deficiency anemia
What are the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER: - socioeconomically
disadvantaged
- infants and kids
- pregnant women
,- over 65
- inadequate iron in the diet
- chronic blood loss (menstruation, certain cancers, PUD)
- poor absorption of iron (celiac, Crohn's, chronic use of H2 blockers, PPIs, antacids,
aspirin, & NSAIDs)
- GI surgeries
Where is iron stored? - ANSWER: in the liver as ferritin
Signs and symptoms of IDA - ANSWER: - fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, tachypnea
- increasing short of breath
- fissures in the corners of the mouth
- glossitis (painful swelling of the tongue)
- koilonychia (spoon shaped brittle fingernails)
- pale conjunctiva
- pica (when one craves and ingests non-nutritive substances: paint, dirt, clay, ice)
What is another name for platelets? - ANSWER: thrombocytes
What is hematopoiesis? - ANSWER: blood cell formation
Who is most susceptible to IDA? - ANSWER: - very young (infants)
- poor diet
- women in reproductive years (heavy menses)
What will a CBC show in a patient with IDA? - ANSWER: - decreased H&H
- MCV will show microcytosis
- MCHC will show hypochromia (paleness)
What labs are done to diagnose IDA? - ANSWER: A CBC and a full iron panel
What will an iron panel show in a patient with IDA? - ANSWER: - iron and ferritin will
be low
- transferrin will be low to normal
- transferrin saturation will be low
- TIBC will be HIGH
What is transferrin? - ANSWER: protein that transports iron
Why will a TIBC be high in a patient with IDA? - ANSWER: Because a TIBC measures
how well your blood can bind and transport iron, and it being high shows that there
are a lot of open binding spots because there is not enough iron to bind
What tests might be done when a doctor is trying to figure out what is causing
anemia? - ANSWER: - stool for occult blood
- endoscopy and colonoscopy
- bone marrow biopsy
, What is the treatment plan for IDA? - ANSWER: - increase iron intake in the diet
- iron supplements (oral dose of 150-200 mg/day)
- IV or IM iron supplementation
What can be taken with iron supplements to help the absorption of iron? - ANSWER:
Citric acid: orange juice and grapefruit juice
What food group should you avoid around the time of taking iron? - ANSWER: Dairy
products
What are some dietary sources of iron? - ANSWER: - red meat
- eggs
- dark green veggies (spinach, broccoli, peas)
- beets
- legumes
- nuts
- seeds
- iron fortified cereals
- breads
- dried fruits
What might need to be taken with an iron oral supplement? - ANSWER: A stool
softener to reduce constipation
What are some complications that can result from IDA? - ANSWER: - heart failure
- renal failure
- impaired thermoregulation
- impaired immune function
- psychomotor & cognitive impairment in children
- increased risk for a low birth weight, pre-term labor, post-term mortality
What can iron overload cause? - ANSWER: - fatigue
- heart palpitations
- joint pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- constipation
- diarrhea
- damage to heart and arteries
- increased risk for cancer
What assessments should be done in a patient with IDA? - ANSWER: - vital signs
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- serum hemoglobin (decreased), ferritin (decreased), & TIBC (increased)
- fatigue, pallor, and SOB
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