*decrease>>>CAUSED BY HYPOVOLEMIA, BLEEDING, VASODILATION,
DECREASED VENOUS RETURN, REWARMING
*increase>>CAUSED BY HYPERVOLEMIA, IMPEDANCE TO RIGHT ATRIUM
EMPTYING, RIGHT ATRIUM FAILURE, PULMOMARY INCREASED HR, STENOTIC
VALVES, TAMPONADE, SVR, INCREASED HR, LV FAILURE
Overdamped System (CARDIAC OUTPUT MONITORING) - Answer- *FALSELY
DECREASE SBP & FALSELY
INCREASE DBP
*DIMINISHED OR ABSENT DICROTIC NOTCH
*CHECK FOR BLOOD CLOTS/BLOOD LEFT IN
CATHETER
*AIR BUBBLES INTRANSDUCER,CATHETER
*CHECK CONNECTION/KINKS IN TUBING
*LONG TUBING (3-4 FEET)
UNDERDAMPED SYSTEM - Answer- *DISPLAYS FALSE INCREASED SBP & FALSE
DECREASED DBP
*AMPLIFIED OSCILLATIONS
*REMOVE ALL AIR BUBBLES, USE SHORTER
TUBING & ELIMINATE EXTRA STOPCOCKS
OPTIMALLY DAMPED SYSTEM - Answer- *NO ADJUSTMENT
*CLEARLY DEFINED WITH ANACROTIC LIMB,
DICROTIC NOTCH & DICROTIC LIMB
Low volume alarm causes - Answer- *CHECK FOR A DECREASE IN PATIENTS
INITIATED BREATHS
*CHECK FOR ET TUBE CUFF LEAK
*CHECK ET TUBE PLACEMENT
, *CHECK CONNECTIONS
low pressure limit alarm - Answer- *CHECK FOR DISCONNECTION FROM
VENTILATOR
HIGH PEAK AIRWAY PRESSURE ALARM - Answer- *EMPTY H2O FROM TUBING
*SUCTION PRN
*PATIENT MAY BE BITING, COUGHING, OR
BUCKING
*AIRWAY PRESSURE MAY BE SET TO LOW
HIGH PRESSURE LIMIT ALARM - Answer- *CHECK FOR KINKS IN TUBING
bronchial breath sounds - Answer- NORMAL.
*loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds normally heard over the trachea and the large
bronchi
bronchovesicular breath sounds - Answer- NORMAL.
*sounds that are heard over major bronchi that are usually moderate in pitch and
intensity
vesicular breath sounds - Answer- NORMAL.
* low, soft, rustling sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung
areas
Rhonchi (gurgles) - Answer- *continuous rattling, whistling made in the
throat
*fluid in large airways
*adventitious breath sounds
wheezes - Answer- continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air
moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages
stridor - Answer- *Harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound,
caused by an obstruction of the air passages
*narrowed airway
Normal Cuff Pressure in ET - Tube - Answer- 17-23 mmHG
minimal occlusion volume technique with ETT - Answer- *auscultate over trachea
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