Exam (elaborations)
PHAR 100 Module 6 Exam Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
PHAR 100 Module 6 Exam Questions and Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
PHAR 100 Module 6 Exam Questionsand Answers
Environmental Toxicants - Answers -- chemical released into the environment that can
produce adverse health effects on living organisms
Acute toxicity - Answers -- refers to a single exposure to a chemical, and often (but not
necessarily) a large dose of the chemical; e.g. a chemical spill
- e.g. acute toxicity of Aflatoxin B (common food contaminant in southeast asia and
central africa) can result in liver necrosis, liver failure, or death
Chronic toxicity - Answers -- generally repeated exposure to small doses of a chemical
over a large period of time; e.g. contaminated food
- e.g. chronic toxicity of Aflatoxin B can cause liver cancer
Air pollution - Answers -- first air pollution law was established in 1273 by Edward I,
King of England (was illegal to burn coal while parliament was in session)
- first automobiles were manufactured in the 1900s
- "killer smog" in London caused approximately 4000 deaths in 1952; this lead to the
clean air act
- clean air act was introduced in 1956 to reduce pollution (included shifting home heat
sources to cleaner coals, electricity and gas, rather than fireplace smoke)
Categories of major air pollutants - Answers -- gaseous
- particulate matter
Gaseous air pollutants - Answers -- carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
- nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides
- hydrogen sulfide
- ozone
Particulate matter - Answers -- mixture of tiny particles composed of non-gaseous
pollutants (e.g. biological materials)
- can be solid or liquid droplets
natural sources of air pollution - Answers -- volcanoes
- forest and prairie fires
- dust storms
anthropogenic air pollution - Answers -- man-made
1) heating and power:
, - combustion of fossil fuels releases CO2, CO, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
- coal is the largest contributor to human increases in carbon dioxide
2) automobile exhaust:
- smoke, lead particles, CO and nitrogen oxides
- in the late 20th century, government regulations were put into place for the use of low-
lead or unleaded gas
3) industrial processes:
- wide variety of pollutants; depends on manufacturing process
- includes sulfuric acid, acetic acid, solvents (ethanol), chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and
metals
human health and air pollutants - Answers -- chemical irritation of the respiratory tract
- more susceptible: children, elderly, and people with cardiorespiratory diseases such as
asthma
- health problems are usually due to the combined actions of particulates and sulfur
oxides
tobacco smoke - Answers -- environmental or second-hand smoke is the combination of
mainstream smoke (exhaled) and side stream smoke (from the end of a burning
cigarette)
- stated in 2002 that exposure causes lung cancer and the same health risks as directly
smoking
- numerous bylaws about smoking in public
pesticides - Answers -- used to intentionally kill organisms
1) insecticides
2) herbicides
insecticides - Answers -- kill insects or make insects unable to reproduce or develop
normally
1) organochlorine insecticides
2) organophsorphorous insecticides
organochlorine insecticides - Answers -- work by increasing the sensitivity of neurons,
resulting in increased CNS stimulation, which manifests as tremors and convulsions
- e.g. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) - Answers -- introduced in 1945 to control
malaria-containing mosquitos
- use stopped in the 1970s because:
- insects were developing resistance
- there was a decrease in bird and fish populations
- soil and water concentrations of DDT increased
- levels of DDT in food increased
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77988 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now