PBL Terms - Exam
First Canadian Nursing School - correct answer Mack School of Nursing (St.
Catharines Training School, opened in 1874 at the St. Catharines General and Marine Hospital)
Concept Map - correct answer organize info, contains links, cluster data
- Visually demonstrates relationships between data
- A teaching and learning strategy recently added to the nursing discipline
- Guides critical thinking to allow logical flow of thought and planning. The foundation of concept
mapping and its use in identification of key problems or concepts are supported in the literature from
various disciplines.
Feedback - correct answer response to our actions, evaluation or appraisal
- The difference between what a student has learned—i.e., the academic progress he or she has made—
and what the student was expected to learn at a certain point in his or her education, such as a
particular age or grade level.
Inquiry - correct answer seeking info, inquiry-based learning includes questioning
and stimulates learners' curiosity to explore and gain knowledge (applying knowledge is not
emphasized)
Identifying Learning Gaps - correct answer identifying the difference between what
a student learned and what they were expected to learn at a particular age/grade.
Learning Goal - correct answer students identify their learning needs to understand
the problem and apply info to the problem and learn from their group
• Goal of learning is NOT to solve the presented problem
Learning Questions - correct answer questions that cannot be answered with
current knowledge
,Lifelong Learning - correct answer - learning throughout life
- diverse, flexible, promotes learning at diff places and beyond traditional schooling
• enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development, self-sustainability, and
competitiveness and employability.
Narrative (medicine) - correct answer wholesome medical approach that recognizes
the values of patients' narratives in clinical practices, research and education as a way to promote
healing
Person-Based Learning (Problem-Based Approach) - correct answer - learner is
presented with a person's narrative or a story as a starting point for the identification of learning needs,
where appropriate, is the preferred method of facilitating knowledge acquisition.
Person Based Learning (PBL) - correct answer tutor and student roles
- Begins with a person's story narrative or subjective experience called a care scenario
- Discussion and learning center around the person's experience and health care
- Student centered approach to learning
- Small groups of 6-12 members to allow collaboration and students learn from each other and learn
communication techniques
- Critical thinking and reflection to evaluate on learning strategies and resources
Problem Based Learning (PBL) - correct answer - Places students in small groups to
solve clinical problems and to collaboratively and independently learn how to care for patients
- the learning that results from the process of working towards the understanding of, or resolution of, a
problem
- presents a health care issue
(SDL) Self-Directed Learning - correct answer process in which individuals take the
initiative, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning
goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate
learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes (Knowles, 1975)
- Students identify and use learning resources and evaluate learning outcomes
- Students are given choice within curriculum boundaries
,Challenges in becoming a self-directed learner
- One may feel mistrust, suspicious, anxiety, confusion, and frustrated at first, when forced to make
decisions and how they will take on learning // tutors must adopt a strong facilitative role. But then,
students eventually trust their own abilities
- Will feel feelings of uncertainty and feelings of confidence
Small Group Learning - correct answer may or may not be case-based // collective
resources of groups enhances individual's learning
- Thus, high level group functioning is key to success
- Tutor plays crucial role helping the group set norms, ensure dynamics
Student Centeredness - correct answer refers to a wide variety of educational
programs, learning experiences, instructional approaches, and academic-support strategies that are
intended to address the distinct learning needs, interests, aspirations, or cultural backgrounds of
individual students and groups of students.
Tutor - correct answer - facilitates and supports the learning process
- key attributes: enthusiasm, patience, involvement, coaching
- balance of content and group process skills
- trust the process
- know how and when to intervene
- flexible and adaptable
- be a role model
Steps of the PBL process - correct answer - The problem is presented to the group,
terms are reviewed, and hypotheses generated.
- Learning issues and information sources are identified by group members.
- Information gathering and independent study occurs.
- The knowledge acquired during independent study is discussed and debated critically.
- Knowledge is applied to the problem in a practical way and the initial hypotheses are confirmed or -
Reflection on the content and process of learning occurs.
, Narrative Medicine - correct answer enables the physician to practice medicine with
empathy, reflection, professionalism, and trustworthiness; putting literature with medicine
Group Norms - correct answer Influence group's success, express group values,
helps group function smoothly and survive
Norms - correct answer set of expectations held by group members regarding what
behaviour is acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, right or wrong
- Failure to conform includes exclusion or ridicule
Role - correct answer when a group member exhibits a unique set of skills that
serve a specific function in the group
- Ex. the group relies on one member to generate enthusiasm
Group Task Roles - correct answer affect a group's ability to achieve its common
goal by focusing on behaviours that get the job done
Group Maintenance Roles - correct answer affect how group members get along
with one another while pursuing a shared goal (concerned with building relationships)
Self-Centered Roles - correct answer place individual needs ahead of group's goals
Negotiation - correct answer process of bargaining to settle difference / reach
solutions
Followership - correct answer role by certain individuals in a group to actively follow
a leader
Leadership - correct answer ability to make strategic decisions and communication
to allow a group to achieve a common goal
