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Certified Bone Densitometry Technologist Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers

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Certified Bone Densitometry Technologist Exam Questions And 100% Correct AnswersOld Definition of Osteoporosis - Answer a reduced amount of bone that is qualitatively normal Modern Definition of Osteoporosis - Answer a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectu...

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  • November 14, 2024
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Certified Bone Densitometry Technologist Exam Questions
And 100% Correct Answers


Old Definition of Osteoporosis - Answer a reduced amount of bone that is qualitatively
normal



Modern Definition of Osteoporosis - Answer a systemic skeletal disease characterized
by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a
consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture



Newest Definition of Osteoporosis - Answer -A skeletal disorder characterized by
compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. Bone
strength reflects the integration of two main features: bone density and bone quality



-osteoporosis can also be defined based on the presence or history of a low-trauma or
fragility fracture



Bone Composition - Answer -bone matrix is 90% collagen (Type-I collagen) and 10%
other proteins (osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin)

-bone mineral is hydroxyapatite (calcium and phosphorous)

-bone cells are osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and phosphorous



Bone modeling and remodeling - Answer -bone growth occurs as a result of modeling:
renewal of bone substance and alteration in the size and shape of bone



-bone health is maintained by remodeling: replacement of old bone with new bone. The
bone remodeling cycle is a coordinated sequence of activation, resorption, and
formation



-bone remodeling is done by osteoclasts (cells derived from bone marrow precursors)

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that remove old bone (resorption) and osteoblasts (cells derived from mesenchymal
precursors) that produce new bone matrix, which then becomes mineralized mature
bone (formation)



Peak bone mass - Answer -the maximum bone mass or density achieved during a
lifetime. It is reached when the growth in the size of bones and accumulation of bone
mineral has stabilized (consolidation)



-different skeletal sites reach maturity at different times: trochanter: mid-teens; femoral
neck, late teens; spine, early 20s



-determinants of peak bone mass include heredity (70-80%) and lifestyle factors
(20-30%)



Changes in bone density with age - Answer -there is a dramatic increase in BMD during
adolescence



-peak bone mass is achieved in the teens or early twenties



-a plateau is maintained for a time



-age-related bone loss occurs at a rate of 0.5-1.0% per year



-bone loss accelerates with menopause (1-2% each year); this accelerated phase last
5-10 years



-age-related bone loss continues, with bone loss eventually going back down to
pre-adolescent levels



Influence of sex and race on BMD - Answer -on average, BMD is higher in men than in
women, and higher in blacks than in whites

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-the variability around the average is such that above-average white women have higher
BMD that below-average black men (large confidence intervals)



Central Skeleton - Answer -axial skeleton plus hips and shoulders

-spine, ribs, pelvis, shoulders, hips



Peripheral Skeleton - Answer -appendicular skeleton



Cortical Bone - Answer -Compact bone

-makes up the shafts of the long bones and the outer envelope of all bones
(appendicular skeleton)

-makes up about 80% of the skeleton, but is only about 20% of the surface area

-about 3% of cortical bone is renewed every year



Cancellous bone - Answer -trabecular bone

-makes up the inner parts of the bones of the axial skeleton

-cancellous bone accounts for about 20% of the skeleton, but 80% of the surface area

-about 25% of cancellous bone is renewed each year

**about 10% of the skeleton is being remodeled at any one time



Cancellous bone loss - Answer -rapid in the early menopause

-wrist fractures increase in frequency as cancellous bone loss begins

-as cancellous bone loss continues the risk of vertebral fractures increases

-cortical bone loss is more gradual, but also more persistent. The risk of hip fracture
increases as a result of the loss of both cancellous and cortical bone



Bone Mass and Bone Loss - Answer -women have lower peak bone mass than men

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-whites have lower peak bone mass than blacks

-bone loss occurs with advancing age, because resorption is greater than formation

-as bone loss occurs, there is loss of quality as well as quantity

-there are no symptoms from low bone mass or from bone loss



Prevalence - Answer -frequency of disease at specific point in time

-number with disease/risk

-often expressed as a percent, or as number per 1000 people

-Ex: 30% of women over age 50 have osteoporosis



Incidence - Answer -new cases of disease over a specific period of time

-new cases within the period of time/number at risk

-often expressed as number of cases per person-years

-Ex: the incidence of hip fractures in an elderly population is 12 per 1000 person-uears



WHO classification for postmenopausal osteoporosis - Answer -The T-score compares
an individual's BMD with the mean value for young normals, and expresses the
difference as a standard deviation score

-Low bone mass is between -1.0 and -2.5

-Osteoporosis is -2.5 and below

-Severe or established osteoporosis, -2.5 and below with fragility fractures



Rochester Osteoporosis Project: Prevalance - Answer -Definition: WHO classification

-Technique: DXA

-Skeletal Sites: PA spine, proximal femur (hip)

-Reference Population: local young normal women

-Study population: older white women in Rochester MN

-the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age; in white women over age 50, it is

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