USAHS Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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Course
USAHS Pathophysiology
Institution
USAHS Pathophysiology
USAHS Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
What are your precautions asa physical therapist when exercising a diabetic patient? - Answer- -Do not exercise if the blood glucose level is less than 100 mg/dl or greater than 250 mg/
-Consume added carbohydrate as needed to avoi...
USAHS Pathophysiology Exam
2 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
What are your precautions asa physical therapist when exercising a diabetic patient? -
Answer- -Do not exercise if the blood glucose level is less than 100 mg/dl or greater
than 250 mg/
-Consume added carbohydrate as needed to avoid hypoglycemia about 10-15 grams
carbs every 30 minutes
Cortisol - Answer- -It is the main glucocorticoid
-Cortisol decreases inflammatory response and is often used as a topical ointment or
medication for poison ivy, pollen allergies. You have to know the impact of cortisol on
the body.
-Cortisol can impact calcium levels in the blood. It creates a negative calcium balance if
used as an adjunct for treat mentor drug therapy, the kidney excretes more calcium,
and calcium is pulled from the bone, as a result a person may beat risk for fracture
Hypocortisolism - Answer- -known as Addison's Disease is usually due to adrenal
insufficiency which results in hyposecretion of all steroid hormones due to autoimmune
destruction of the adrenal cortex
-It is a disease within the adrenal gland itself and as a result there is decreased cortisol
and aldosterone.
-A person may present with hypoglycemia, weakness and fatigue, hypotension, impacts
on brain function or mood and overall weakens the stress response
Organization of nervous system - Answer- The efferent division is subdivided into the
autonomic nervous system and the somatic(motor) nervous system
There are two types of glial cells in the PNS - Answer- Schwann cells and satellite cells
Four types of CNS glial cells - Answer- a- Ependymal cells (they are a source of neuro
STEM cells that can develop into new neurons.)
• b- Astrocytes (ATP production)
• c-Microglia (modified immune cells)
• d-and Oligodendrocytes
, graded vs action potentials - Answer- -The graded potentials may be below the
threshold when reaching the trigger zone; they are referred to as sub-threshold and will
not trigger an action potential.
• Action potentials occur at the trigger zone of the axon, an action potential is that can
travel over long distances over a meter or more without losing energy, through this
process of conduction
Depolarization (AP) - Answer- a rapid rise in membrane potential opening of sodium
channels in the cellular membrane, resulting in a large influx of sodium ions
Repolarization (AP) - Answer- refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it
to a negative value just after the depolarization phase
The specificity of neural signaling depends on - Answer- -The signal molecules secreted
by neurons
-The target cell receptors for these chemicals
-The anatomical connections at synapses
Neurocrine signal - Answer- molecules may function as neurotransmitters,
neuromodulators, or neurohormones
Dopamine - Answer- plays an important role in the modulation of movement in the basal
ganglia of the brain
Serotonin - Answer- influences attention, motivation, wakefulness, and memory, acting
on receptors in the CNS
Histamine - Answer- plays a role in allergic reactions
Glutamate - Answer- is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS
GABA - Answer- is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
Neuropraxia - Answer- It refers to a temporary disruption of nerve function without any
structural damage to the nerve itself.
Axonotmesis - Answer- It involves damage to both the nerve fibers and the surrounding
connective tissue(endoneurium)
Neurotmesis - Answer- It involves complete disruption or severing of the nerve fibers
and the surrounding connective tissue
Wallerian degeneration - Answer- active process of degeneration that results when a
nerve fiber is cut or crushed and the part of the axon distal to the injury degenerates
UMN disease - Answer- -there is increased muscle tone, like spasticity or clonus,
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