RNSG 1128 Exam # 3
Respiratory Alkalosis: Clinical Manifestations - ✔️✔️-ringing in the ears
-lightheadedness
-increased confusion
Risk Factors: Pulmonary Disease - ✔️✔️-smoking
-secondhand smoke
-personal/family hx of pulmonary disease
-genetics
-exposure to allergens & environmental pollutants
-exposure to recreational & occupational hazards
-vitamin D deficiency
-obesity
-excessive exposure to APAP prenatally - two years of age
Acid - Base Balance: Hypoalbuminemia - ✔️✔️-proteins are the largest buffer system
in the body.
-amphoteric: Can function as acid or base.
-albumin: Major protein buffers in vascular compartment.
pH Regulators Of The Body - ✔️✔️-bicarbonate
-phosphate
-protein
-hemoglobin
Anion Gap - ✔️✔️-cation (Na+) - Anions (Cl- & HCO3) = concentration of unmeasured
anions.
-ketoacidosis: Increased anion gap which results in decreased HCO3.
Carbon Dioxide Transport: Plasma - ✔️✔️-(10%) CO2 is transported in the dissolved
state to the lungs and exhaled.
Carbon Dioxide Trasport: Bicarbonate - ✔️✔️-70% CO2 > RBC's (carbonic anhydrase
catalyzes CO2 + H2O - H2CO3 or carbonic acid) > H2CO3 - H+ = HCO3 or bicarbonate
> diffuses into plasma to participate in acid - base regulation.
Carbon Dioxide Transport: Hemoglobin - ✔️✔️-20% CO2 + Hemoglobin within the
RBC = carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2); loose bond allows CO2 to be released in
aveolar capillaries > exhaled from the lung.
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