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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers| Latest Update
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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers| Latest Update
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NAU BIO 181 Exam with Questions and Answers|Latest Update
What is a phenotype? - ✔✔An organism's observed properties
What is an allele? - ✔✔An alternative form of a gene
DNA is ___________ into RNA - ✔✔transcribed
RNA is ___________ into proteins - ✔✔Translated
The transcribed region goes from____________? - ✔✔the end of the promoter to the end of
the terminator
What is the first stage of transcription? - ✔✔Initiation
What is the second stage of transcription? - ✔✔Elongation
What is the third stage of transcription? - ✔✔Termination
Sigma is necessary for - ✔✔transcription in prokaryotes
In prokaryotes, when does transcription end? - ✔✔When a hairpin loop is formed
When transcription in prokaryotes ends it is now______? - ✔✔A mature mRNA that's ready
for translation
,There is no sigma for - ✔✔transcription in eukaryotes
Basal Transcription factors are necessary for - ✔✔transcription in eukaryotes
In eukaryotes, how does transcription end? - ✔✔A poly (A) signal causes termination.
After transcription in eukaryotes ends, is it a mature mRNA? - ✔✔no
RNA processing in eukaryotes requires - ✔✔splicing
Introns - ✔✔the non-coding regions of mRNA
(they are IN the way)
Exons - ✔✔the coding regions of mRNA
(they need to be EXpressed)
Splice - ✔✔to join or connect
What are the purposes of the 5' cap and the poly (a) tail? - ✔✔•Protect mRNA from
degradation
•Initiate translation
•Facilitate export of RNA from the nucleus
What is a UTR - ✔✔UnTranslated Region
What to UTR's affect? - ✔✔•mRNA stability
,•mRNA localization
•translation efficiency
In translation, what does the ribosome do? - ✔✔Protein Synthesis
What is the ribozyme made up of? - ✔✔Proteins and rRNA
rRNA catalyzes what? - ✔✔Protein synthesis
Transcription and translation are going at the same time - ✔✔in prokaryotes
More than one ribosome can be on a RNA at once - ✔✔in prokaryotes
Polyribosomes are essential to translation - ✔✔in prokaryotes
Mature mRNAs leave the nucleus and are translated in the cytoplasm - ✔✔in eukaryotes
The polypeptide chain is an - ✔✔amino acid chain
What brings the amino acids to the ribosomes? - ✔✔tRNAs
What links the amino acids into a chain? - ✔✔ribosomes
What are the links between the mRNA and the Amino Acids? - ✔✔tRNAs
The anticodon is a tRNA and it binds to - ✔✔the codon of the mRNA
, The anticodon of tRNA is antiparallel and complementary to the - ✔✔codon of the mRNA
Start codon is always - ✔✔AUG
Noncoding (1) and anticodon (4) - ✔✔are the same
Noncoding strands is the - ✔✔first
Coding strand is the - ✔✔second
Codon mRNA is the - ✔✔third
Anticodon is the - ✔✔fourth
In amino acids, there is a central carbon that is bonded to - ✔✔•H
•NH2
•COOH
•R-group
How do amino acids monomers form polymers? - ✔✔Condensation/dehydration reaction
A very strong bond is a - ✔✔peptide bond
A peptide bond backbone goes from - ✔✔N - C
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