AQA A-level Biology paper 1 Exam Questions
Bank–1300 Questions with answers |Verified
Practice Questions To Guarantee A Grade
What is chlorophyll? - ✔✔Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment embedded within
the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
What is the function of chlorophyll? - ✔✔To absorb the wavelengths of visible light between
400 and 700 nanometers to provide energy for the light dependent stages of photosynthesis
What do thylakoids stack to form? - ✔✔Structures called grana
What are grana joined together by? - ✔✔lamellae
What are lamellae in Chloroplasts? - ✔✔Thin and flat thylakoid membranes used to join the
Grana together
What are the small circular pieces of Chloroplast DNA and ribosomes used for? - ✔✔To
synthesize proteins (including enzymes) needed for chloroplast replication and the Calvin cycle
What are the lipid droplets and starch granules required for? - ✔✔Metabolic processes and
the Calvin cycle in Chloroplasts
Where does the light dependent stage of photosynthesis take place? - ✔✔Thylakoids
Where does the light independents stage of photosynthesis take place? - ✔✔Stroma
,Where are ribosomes formed and assembled? - ✔✔Nucleolus
Describe Ribosomes - ✔✔Small organelles that are a complex consisting of a large subunit
and a small subunit which are made from almost equal amounts of proteins and ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) and are the site of protein synthesis
What is a feature of the Chloroplast's Double Membrane? - ✔✔An intermembrane space
between the two membranes
Which component of protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes? - ✔✔Translation
What are the two types of ribosomes? - ✔✔80s Ribosomes
70s Ribosomes
Describe 80s ribosomes - ✔✔found in eukaryotic cells and consist of a large 60s subunit and
a small 40s subunit
Describe 70s Ribosomes - ✔✔Found in prokaryotes and certain double membraned
organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts and consist of large 50s and Small 30s
subunits
What does the 's' stand for in ribosome measurement? - ✔✔Svedbergs
What is a svedburg? - ✔✔A svedburg is a unit to measure how fast molecules move in a
centrifuge
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum? - ✔✔Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
,Describe the structure and function of the Rough ER - ✔✔Formed from continuous folds of
flattened membrane sacs that's CONTINUOUS WITH THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE!!!
- They have a surface covered in ribosomes
They fold and process proteins synthesized by these ribosomes.
Describe the structure and function of the Smooth ER - ✔✔Formed from continuous folds of
flattened membrane sacs.
- No ribosomes on surface
- Involved in production processing and storage of:
- lipids
- Carboydrates
- Steroids
Describe the structure and function of the Golgi - ✔✔A sub cellular structure consisting of
flattened membrane sacs
Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into golgi vesicles for export
What happens to lipids and proteins placed in golgi vesicles - ✔✔The vesicles transport the
proteins and lipids to their required desitnations
What happens to proteins that go through the golgi Body - ✔✔They are either:
- Exported (e.g. hormones such as insulin)
- Put into lysosomes (e.g. hydrolytic enzymes to prevent damage)
- Delivered to membrane bound organelles
, Describe a vacuole that can be found in plants - ✔✔A permanent vacuole is large and applies
turgor pressure on cell wall to keep the tissue rigid.
It contains cell sap
Contains a central vacuole
Describe the membrane that can be found on a permanent vacuole - ✔✔A single selectively
permeable membrane called the tonoplast
Describe animal vacuoles - ✔✔small and not permanent
What are vesicles? - ✔✔Membrane bound sacs used for transport and storage
Describe the structure of a vesicle - ✔✔- Vesicle surface
- Surrounded by a bilayer membrane
- Internal water
What are lysosomes? - ✔✔Specialized forms of vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes
What are hydrolytic enzymes? - ✔✔Enzymes that break down biological molecules with
water in hydrolysis reactions.
What are the function of lysosomes? - ✔✔To break down waste materials such as worn out
organelles, used in the immune system during phagocytosis and used for apoptosis
What is apoptosis? - ✔✔programmed cell death
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