GALEN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 YEAR 2024/2025 NEWEST !!
COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS ) ALREADY GRADED.
What is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER -what the body does to the
drug
What is Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER -what the drug does to the
body
What phase is Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER -Absorption phase
Where does absorption of a drug take place - ANSWER -Small
intestine
What affects absorption time - ANSWER --Pill type
-stomach contents
-blood circulation
-pain, stress, anxiety
-route of administration
Contraindicators for medications - ANSWER -Grapefruit juice and
antacids
what is disintegration - ANSWER -breakdown of oral drug into
smaller particles
What is dissolution - ANSWER -Process of combining small drug
particles with liquid to form a solution
What is drug absorption - ANSWER -Drug
movement from GI tract into bloodstream
,happens in
small intestine
What is bioavailability - ANSWER -What is
left of drug after swallowing.
PO meds will never have
100% bioavailability
Factors affecting Bioavailability -
ANSWER --Absorption
-first pass
metabolism
-Drug
form
-route of
admin
-gastric
mucous %
motility
-changes in liver
metabolism
-Administration w/ food
and other drugs
What is first pass effect - ANSWER -drugs absorbed from the GI
tract enter the portal vein and pass through the
liver before
entering
circulation.
PO
meds
only
,Characteristics of ADHD - ANSWER -Inattentiveness, inability to
concentrate, restlessness, hyperactivity, inability to
complete tasks,
impulsivity
Characteristics of narcolepsy - ANSWER -recurrent attacks
of drowsiness and sleep during daytime
unable to
control sleep
falling asleep while driving,
talking, eating, standing
Where does drug metablosim occur - ANSWER -In the the liver
What is drug metabolism - ANSWER -process of body chemically
changing drug into a form to be excreted
What is the half-life of a drug? - ANSWER -the time it takes for the
drug in body to be reduced by half
What is a loading dose - ANSWER -Large initial dose of medication
followed by small maintence dose
Where does drug excretion occur? - ANSWER -kidneys
Ways drug excretion takes place - ANSWER -Kidneys, liver (bile),
feces, lungs, saliva
What is the primary effect of a drug - ANSWER -Why you're taking
the drug (desirable response)
What is the secondary effect of a drug - ANSWER -Side effects (can
be desirable or undesirable)
, What is the therapeutic index? - ANSWER -ratio of toxic dose to
therapeutic dose
What is ED50? - ANSWER -effective dose for 50% of the population
What is TD50? - ANSWER -toxic dose in 50% of the population
What is the peak level of a drug? - ANSWER -highest blood level of a
drug
What is the trough drug level? - ANSWER -lowest blood level of a
drug
What is the onset of a drug - ANSWER -The amount of time it takes a
drug to begin working.
When do you draw a peak for PO meds - ANSWER -2-3 hours after
taking
When do you draw peak for IV meds - ANSWER -30-60 meds
What is polypharmacy? - ANSWER -use of multiple medications
(more than 5)
Purpose of COX-1 - ANSWER -Protects stomach lining and regulates
blood platelets
purpose of COX-2 - ANSWER -Triggers inflammation and pain
What does NSAIDs block - ANSWER -Both COX 1 and 2
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