Ch. 27: Restoring ADLs
Activities of daily living (ADLs): - correct answer activities oriented toward taking
care of one's body and include bathing and showering, toileting and toilet hygiene, dressing, swallowing
and eating, functional mobility, personal device care, personal hygiene and grooming, and sexual
activity. They are also referred to as personal activities of daily living (PADLs) or basic activities of daily
living (BADLs).1
Adaptive equipment: - correct answer devices, tools, or products that are used to
assist individuals with disabilities to engage in occupations within their natural contexts and
environments; also referred to as assistive technology, assistive devices, or adaptive devices.
Client-centered approach: - correct answer an approach to service delivery that
includes respect for and collaboration with clients (individuals, groups, agencies, governments, or
corporations). Therapists involve clients in decision-making, advocate for and with clients to meet
needs, and recognize clients' experience and knowledge.2
Durable medical equipment (DME): - correct answer supplies that provide
therapeutic benefit to clients experiencing difficulty or functional deficits resulting from medical
conditions or illnesses. DME must be prescribed by physicians or health care providers authorized by
state law. DME must be reusable and primarily used in the home.
Occupational profile: - correct answer a component of the occupational therapy
evaluation that provides information about clients' occupational histories and experiences, daily living
patterns, interests, values, needs, reasons for seeking services, and concerns related to occupational
performance and disruption.1
Occupations: - correct answer activities that individuals, groups, or populations
engage in that are meaningful and include activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living,
rest and sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation
Occupations are defined as what? - correct answer activities that provide a sense of
identity and meaning to individuals, groups, and populations.
,the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, Third Edition (OTPF-3), identifies eight areas of
occupation, including- - correct answer activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental
activities of daily living (IADLs), rest and sleep, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation.
t/f: Individuals who are satisfied with their life roles have the resources and capabilities needed to
accomplish everyday tasks, whether they perform tasks themselves or do not seek assistance. - correct
answer False
Difficulties in occupational engagement lead to what? - correct answer loss of
functional independence and reduced quality of life.
ADLs include nine different categories: - correct answer (1) bathing and showering,
(2) toileting and toilet hygiene, (3) dressing, (4) swallowing and eating, (5) feeding, (6) functional
mobility, (7) personal device care, (8) personal hygiene and grooming, and (9) sexual activity.
Challenges or difficulties in ADL performance can occur secondary to what? - correct answer
disability, illness, or injury and lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions.
Evaluation begins with what? - correct answer a thorough chart review.
t/f: Regarding chart review, It is important to determine the exact prescription for OT evaluation and
intervention. - correct answer TRUE
The chart review will inform therapists about what? - correct answer any
restrictions or contraindications including other comorbidities, current ambulation or weight-bearing
status, and current equipment use; also provide preliminary information about clients' prior ADL status,
home environment, and support system.
t/f: Occupational profiles do not help therapists understand client abilities, capacities, interests, values,
roles, habits, routines, environments, and needs related to occupational engagement. - correct answer
FALSE
what are some questions to ask for the occupational profile? - correct answer What
is the client's current lifestyle? What was the client's ADL status prior to injury, disease, or illness? What
, are the client's current occupational challenges? What comprises the client's typical day-to-day
routines? What occupations are meaningful to the client? In what environments does the client
currently navigate to complete occupations?
A critical component of evaluation is- - correct answer ADL observation and
analysis.
t/f: Therapists can evaluate ADL performance by asking clients to provide a self-report of their
performance or use performance-based ADL assessments. - correct answer TRUE
It is often important to assess client factors and skills such as what? - correct answer
ROM, strength, sensation, balance, and cognition prior to beginning ADL assessments.
T/f: ADL performance should not be assessed in the environments in which they are typically done, or
the environment should closely simulate clients' natural environments. - correct answer
FALSE
What are some standardized ADL assessments therapists may use? - correct answer
such as the Functional Independence Measure (FIM); the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale; the
Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills
(PASS); Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Head (DASH) Assessment; and the Barthel ADL Index; or
nonstandardized measures such as ADL checklists
What is Independent? - correct answer Clients can perform the activity
independently; without modification of technique, assistive devices, or aids; and within a reasonable
time frame.
What is Modified independence? - correct answer Clients either require an assistive
device to complete the activity, the activity takes more than a reasonable time, or safety considerations
exist.
What is Supervision (standby assistance)? - correct answer Clients require a
therapist to stand by for safety in case of balance loss. Therapists may provide verbal cues for safety.
