Chapter 16: Endocrine System Actual Review Exam Questions And Correct Detailed Answers.
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HORMONES
Institution
HORMONES
The endocrine system is composed of endocrine glands distributed throughout the body. The endocrine glands are: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes), and thymus. - correct answer
Function - correct answer ...
The endocrine system is composed of endocrine glands distributed throughout the body. The endocrine
glands are: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads (ovaries and testes), and thymus. -
correct answer
Function - correct answer The endocrine system regulates body activities through
the use of chemical messengers called hormones, which when released into the bloodstream influence
metabolic activities, growth, and development (Fig. 16.1). The nervous system also regulates body
activities by receiving electrical impulses that convey information about the state of the body, and then
activating glandular secretions in response. Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands that make up
the endocrine system go directly into the bloodstream and are transported throughout the body. They
are referred to as ductless glands because they do not have ducts to carry their secretions. In contrast,
the exocrine or duct glands have ducts that carry their secretions from the producing gland to other
parts of the body. An example is the parotid gland, which produces saliva that flows through the parotid
duct into the mouth. Only those terms related to the major endocrine glands—pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroids, adrenals, and the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas—are presented in this chapter. The
thymus primarily functions as part of the lymphatic system and was presented in Chapter 10. The male
and female sex glands were also presented in previous chapters. pg 637
Endocrine Glands and Hormones
pituitary gland
(pi-TOO-i-tar-ē) (gland) - correct answer approximately the size of a pea and located
at the base of the brain. The pituitary is divided into two lobes. It is often referred to as the master gland
because it produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands (also called
hypophysis cerebri) (Fig. 16.2).
anterior lobe
(ān-TĒR-ē-er) (lōb - correct answer produces and secretes the following hormones
(also called adenohypophysis):
growth hormone (GH)
(grohth) (HŌR-mōn) - correct answer regulates the growth of the body
,adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
(a-drē-nō-kōr-ti-kō-TRŌ-pik) (HŌR-mōn) - correct answer stimulates the adrenal
cortex
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
(THĪ-royd) (STIM-yuh-lāt-ing) (HŌR-mōn) - correct answer stimulates the thyroid
gland
gonadotropic hormones
(gō-na-dō-TRŌ-pik) (HŌR-mōns) - correct answer stimulate the gonads (the testes
in males and ovaries in females). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are
the gonadotropic hormones released from the adenohypophysis
prolactin (PRL)
(prō-LAK-tin) - correct answer promotes development of glandular tissue during
pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant
posterior lobe
(po-STĒR-ē-er) (lōb) - correct answer stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and
oxytocin (also called neurohypophysis)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(an-tē-dī-ū-RET-ik) (HŌR-mōn) - correct answer stimulates the kidney to reabsorb
water and constricts blood vessels to help maintain blood pressure (also called vasopressin)
oxytocin
(ok-sē-TŌ-sin) - correct answer stimulates uterine contractions during labor and
postpartum, and milk let down by the breasts postpartum
hypothalamus
, (hī-pō-THAL-a-mus) - correct answer located superior to the pituitary gland in the
brain. The hypothalamus secretes "releasing" hormones that function to stimulate or inhibit the release
of pituitary gland hormones.
thyroid gland
(THĪ-royd) (gland) - correct answer largest endocrine gland. It is located anteriorly in
the neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus (Fig. 16.3C). The
thyroid gland secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for
their production. Thyroxine is necessary for body cell metabolism.
parathyroid glands
(par-a-THĪ-royd) (glans - correct answer four small bodies embedded in the
posterior aspect of the lobes of the thyroid gland (Fig. 16.3D). Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the hormone
produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood by its effects on bone and
kidneys.
islets of Langerhans
(Ī-lets) (LAHNG-er-hahnz - correct answer clusters of endocrine tissue found
throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including
insulin and glucagon. Non-endocrine cells found throughout the pancreas produce enzymes that
facilitate digestion (Fig. 16.4).
adrenal glands
(a-DRĒ-nal) (glans) - correct answer paired glands, one of which is located superior
to each kidney. The outer portion is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner portion is called the adrenal
medulla. The following hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands
cortisol
(KOR-ti-sol) - correct answer secreted by the adrenal cortex. It aids the body during
stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy (also called hydrocortisone).
aldosterone
(al-DOS-ter-ōn) - correct answer secreted by the adrenal cortex. Electrolytes
(mineral salts) that are necessary for normal body function are regulated by this hormone
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