Class notes
PSY 220 Chapter 5&6 Notes
- Course
- PSY 220
- Institution
- Marian University
This is a comprehensive and detailed Study Guide chapter 5&6 Birth- first year
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Chapters 5 and 6TEXTBOOK
The behaviourist approach studies the basic mechanics of learning. Behaviorists are
concerned with how behavior changes in response to experience.
•The psychometric approach measures quantitative differences in abilities that make up
intelligence by using tests that indicate or predict these abilities.
•The Piagetian Approach looks at changes, or stages, in the quality of cognitive
functioning. It is concerned with how the mind structures its activities and adapts to the
environment.
•The information-processing approach focuses on perception, learning, memory, and
problem solving. It aims to discover how children process information from the time they
encounter it until they use it.
•The cognitive neuroscience approach seeks to identify what brain structures are
involved in specific aspects of cognition.
•The social-contextual approach examines the effects of environmental aspects of the
learning process, particularly the role of parents and other caregivers"
2. Explain what happens to an infant’s ability to remember a conditioned operant response
with increasing age.
infant has less concept performance. only on classical conditioning (my p)
Procedural knowledge: how to physically do something
Perceptual knowledge: what an apple tastes like
Intelligent Behavior (pg. 127, LO1)
is presumed to be goal oriented, meaning it exists for the purposes of attaining a
goal. It is also presumed to be adaptive in that it helps an organism adjust to
the varying circumstances of life.
Intelligence Quotient Tests seek to do? (pg. 127, LO1)
to measure quantitatively the factors that are thought to make up intelligence
(such as comprehension and reasoning) and, from the results of that
measurement, to predict future performance, school achievement.
6. Bayley Scales of Infant Development 5 areas of competency measured (pg. 127,
LO1)
cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
, 7. What is the focus of measurement in the Home Observation for Measurement of the
Environment (HOME)? (pg. 128, LO1)
Home environment quality. The parent’s involvement with the child, parental emotional
and verbal responsiveness, acceptance of the child’s behavior, organization of the
environment, and opportunities for daily and varied stimulation
8. Define what is meant by Early Intervention Program and state the biggest
disadvantage of such programs. (pg. 128, LO 1)
Early Intervention Program is a systematic process of planning and providing
therapeutic and educational services for families that need help early childhood
developmental need.
Disadvantage of the programs are expensive, and assessment research is
typically required to justify continued funding and long term
9. Are early intervention programs effective compared to center-based day cares over the
long term? (pg. 129, LO 1)
Yes intervention program effect for long term more successfully in academic success,
but expensive.
10. Define Piaget’s term Schemes. (pg. 130-131, LO 1)
Piaget first stage is sensorimotor stage, which has 6 stages.
sensorimotor stage, schemes, circular reactions, representational ability, deferred
imitation, object permanence, dual representation hypothesis.
11. In Piaget’s theory, what is the overall accomplishment of the sensorimotor stage (pg.
131, LO1)
Developing sensory and motor activity. Babies change from creatures who respond
primarily through reflexes and random behavior into goal-oriented toddlers. “No
information involved”
Schemes, organized patterns of thought and behavior, become more
elaborate."
12. Define the term Circular Reactions from Piaget’s theory (pg. 131, LO1)
Primary circular reaction: Action and response both involve infant’s own body by
sucking and
sensory.
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