CMN 554- Unit 3
- esophagitis, gastritis, achlorhydria and gastric ulcers (long-time period heavy consuming)
- esophageal varices (heavy alcohol abuse, a medical emergency)
- disorders of small gut sometimes
- pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatic cancer (heavy alcohol abuse)
- insufficient digestion and absorption of meals with heavy alcohol intake
- inhibits intestines ability to absorb various vitamins (diet B deficiencies) - ANS-What are the
capacity physiological outcomes of alcohol use/abuse? (GI)
- whilst intoxicated, sedatives and hypnotics (Luminal) that are metabolized by way of the liver,
compete with alcohol for the equal detoxification mechanisms, and doubtlessly poisonous
concentrations of all involved materials can collect inside the blood.
- Caution (CNS depressants, sedatives, hypnotics, and tablets that relieve ache, movement
sickness, head colds, and allergic reaction signs)
- Increasing the dosages of sedative-hypnotic capsules, including chloral hydrate (Noctec) and
benzodiazepines, mainly while blended with alcohol, can reason sedation to motor, highbrow
impairment, stupor, coma, and death.
-different psychotropic capsules can potentiate the consequences of alcohol - ANS-What are the
capability drug interactions seen with alcohol use/abuse?
-19 million age 12+ (7%) used MJ in beyond mo.
-2.4 mil of these initiated use in beyond yr
-57% before age 18
-Increase in use by using 8th and ninth grader, beginning in Nineties
-1996- 23% eighth grade & forty% tenth graders had used
-1998/1999- ¼ preliminary use became 14yr or more youthful, avg became age 17
-2012- 1% eighth graders, 4% tenth graders, 7% 12th graders report every day use - ANS-What
are the prevalence characteristics of hashish use?
-90% oxidation inside the liver
-10% excreted unchanged by way of the kidneys and lungs.
-Rate of oxidation by means of the liver is constant and unbiased of the body's power
requirements.
-Body metabolizes 15 mg/dl in keeping with hour starting from 10-34 mg/dl in keeping with hour
-Average character oxidizes ¾ of an ounce of 40%(eighty proof) alcohol/hour.
-People w/ excessive consumption= upregulation of enzymes ensuing in speedy metabolism.
-Alcohol is metabolized with the aid of two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and
aldehyde dehydrogenase.
-ADH catalyses the conversion of alcohol into acetaldehyde, that's a poisonous compound.
-Aldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde into acetic acid.
-Aldehyde dehydrogenase is inhibited by way of disulfiram(Antabuse) that is used in remedy of
alcohol associated disorders - ANS-How is alcohol metabolized?
-A controversial Cannabis related syndrome
,-Associated with lengthy-term heavy use
-Characterized by way of a person's unwillingness to persist in a venture
(whether at faculty, work, or any setting that calls for extended attention or tenacity)
-Persons are described as turning into apathetic and anergic, normally gaining weight, and
performing slothful. - ANS-What is "amotivational syndrome?"
-Abstinence
-even intense substance-brought about depression is likely to improve swiftly without remedy or
in depth psychotherapy
-Wait 2-four weeks earlier than beginning antidepressant medication. - ANS-What is the best
approach to treating alcohol induced depression?
-After long-term benzodiazepine use, the receptor outcomes resulting from the agonist are
attenuated.
-Specifically, GABA stimulation of the GABAA receptors outcomes in less chloride inflow than
turned into caused by GABA stimulation earlier than the benzodiazepine administration.
-This downregulation of receptor reaction isn't always because of a lower in receptor quantity or
with the aid of reduced affinity of the receptor for GABA.
-The foundation for the downregulation is r/t coupling between the GABA binding web site and
the activation of the chloride ion channel.
-This decreased efficiency in coupling can be regulated in the GABAA receptor complicated
itself or via other neuronal mechanisms - ANS-Neuropharmacology behind benzo tolerance
-Antabuse
-Naltrexone (Revia)
-acamrosate (Campral) - ANS-What are the medicines used for the treatment of alcohol
dependence?
-anxiolytics
-hypnotics
-antiepileptics
-anesthetics
-alcohol withdrawal - ANS-What are the clinical uses of benzodiazepines?
-Apathy, diminished social and occupational functioning, impaired judgement, and impulsive or
aggressive behaviors
-Nausea
-Anorexia
-Nystagmus
-Depressed reflexes
-Diplopia - ANS-What are the signs and symptoms/signs and symptoms of inhalant intoxication?
-ataxia (affecting mainly the gait), -vestibular dysfunction,
-confusion and a ramification of ocular motility abnormalities consisting of horizontal nystagmus,
-lateral orbital palsy and gaze palsy. -Sluggish reaction to mild and anisocoria (unequal pupils).
-The eye abnormalities are usually bilateral however not continually symmetrical. - ANS-What
are the signs and symptoms/signs and symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy?
-Best brief display for alcoholism remains the tried-and-genuine CAGE questionnaire
-A high quality reaction to two or extra of the objects implies a ninety five% threat of alcohol
abuse or dependence
, -Study indicates that the way interviewers transition to the CAGE questions profoundly impacts
the questionnaire's sensitivity - ANS-What is the CAGE evaluation?
-Brief intervention by using health facility team of workers, based on Motivational Interviewing.
-Multiple treatment settings including inpatient gadgets, residential treatment facilities, halfway
homes, institution homes, partial sanatorium programs, and outpatient settings.
-Basic additives of treatment encompass psychotherapy, drug-particular counseling, self-help
businesses (Alcoholics Anonymous), Nacotics Anonymous, Alateen, Al-non, substance abuse
training, random urine drug screening, and relapse prevention applications.
-Family therapy and psychopharmacological intervention can be delivered. - ANS-What are the
treatment options for alcohol abuse in kids?
-Caffeine intoxication
-Caffeine Withdrawal
-Caffeine-Induced anxiety sickness
-Caffeine-Induced Sleep disease
-Caffeine Use disease - ANS-What are the most effective five caffeine use issues diagnosed by
means of the DSM 5?
-Caffeine, a methylxanthine is stronger than theophylline ( Primatene).
-Half lifestyles is 3 to 10 hour, height is 30 to 60 minutes.
-Crosses the blood mind barrier.
-Act as antagonist of the adenosine receptors which turns on an inhibitory G protein and inhibits
the formation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
-Caffeine consumption -> boom in intraneuronal cAMP awareness in neurons with adenosine
receptors
-Three cups of espresso can provide approximately 50 % of the adenosine receptors
-High doses of caffeine can affect dopamine and non adrenergic neurons.
-Dopamine hobby superior via caffeine explains why patients with schizophrenia have an
exacerbation of psychotic signs and symptoms.
-Activation of noradrenergic neurons is involved in the mediation of some symptoms of caffeine
withdrawal. - ANS-What is the neuropharmacology of caffeine?
-Common diagnosis for acute cannabis intoxication
-induces brief-lived anxiety states frequently provoked by paranoid thoughts.
-panic assaults can be prompted, primarily based on unwell-described and disorganized fears.
-Anxiety correlates w/ the dosage & is the most frequent unfavorable response to moderate use
of smoked cannabis.
-Inexperienced users are much more likely to experience tension signs than are skilled
customers. - ANS-What are the signs/symptoms of cannabis brought on tension ailment?
-competitive blockade of dopamine reuptake via the dopamine transporter.
-blockade will increase the concentration of dopamine in the synaptic cleft resulting in
accelerated activation of D1 and D2 receptors
-Cocaine additionally blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. - ANS-What is the
neuropharmacology of cocaine?
-Components- frequently THC however contains 400+ chemical substances (60 related to THC)
-THC hastily converts to 11-hydroxy-9-THC metabolite that is energetic in CNS
