WCU PHYS 261 Final Actual Exam Questions And
Correct Answers Verified Latest 2024-2025
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List and describe the components of the cardiovascular system --
CORRECT ANSWER-->Contains the heart, arterial system, venous
system, and capillary network.
Identify and describe the composition and features of the layers of a
blood vessel wall -- CORRECT ANSWER-->The first tissue layer is the
tunica intima that is the luminal surface. Is made of endothelium and
supported by an elastic lamina. Tunica media is the middle layer
comprised of smooth muscle. It is tone controlled by ANS, endocrine,
and local signals. Tunica externa is the outermost layer that is made of
connective tissue and also know as tunica adventitia.
Compare and contrast the generalized wall structure of arteries, veins,
and capillaries -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Arteries are made of prominently
tunica media tissue, capillaries are made of only tunica intima tissue,
and veins are made of mostly almost equal tunica media and external.
Define, compare and contrast pulse pressure and mean arterial
pressure -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Pulse pressure is the measure of
strength of pressure wave, equal to systolic and diastolic pressure at
approximately 40 mmHg. Mean arterial pressure is the single valve that
represents driving pressure/reflection of ventricular pressure at
approximately 93 mmHg.
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, How do you calculate pulse pressure? -- CORRECT ANSWER-->top
number (systolic) minus the bottom number (diastolic)
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure? -- CORRECT ANSWER--
>systolic + 2(diastolic)/3
Explain the relationship of cardiac output and peripheral resistance in
the mean arterial blood pressure. -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Mean arterial
pressure is proportional to cardiac output (volume of blood per unit
time) X peripheral resistance (resistance of arteries to blood flow)
Describe the overall blood distribution within the body -- CORRECT
ANSWER-->Veins contain approximately 60% of the total volume so this
can be moved to arterial system if needed. It is controlled by
sympathetic signaling. Its function deals with thermoregulation by
blood flow to the skin and digestion by blood flow to intestines for
absorption.
How do you measure blood flow? -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Subtract the
bottom number from the top number
EX: 120/80 mmHg would be 120-80+40
Define hyperemia. Compare and contrast active hyperemia and
reactive hyperemia -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Hyperemia is increased
blood flow to a part of the body. There are 2 types: active and reactive.
Active hyperemia is the blood flow response to increased tissue
metabolic activity creating more waste products as a result. Reactive
hyperemia is the blood flow response following a period of
occlusion/reduced blood flow with no results.
Describe the regulation of blood pressure by the sympathetic nervous
system -- CORRECT ANSWER-->Sympathetic nervous system regulates
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or diverts blood supply to important tissues.
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