What is third spacing - Correct Ans-loss of ECF into space from the body but not available to be used by the ECF or or ICF
What are some spaces where third spacing can happen - Correct Ans-Peritoneal cavity and pleural cavity
What are some signs that third spacing is happening - Correct Ans-t...
NURS 352 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A 2024
What is third spacing - Correct Ans-loss of ECF into space from the body but not
available to be used by the ECF or or ICF
What are some spaces where third spacing can happen - Correct Ans-Peritoneal cavity
and pleural cavity
What are some signs that third spacing is happening - Correct Ans-there is a decrease
in urine output even when having proper intake
What is osmosis - Correct Ans-diffusion of water caused by fluid and solute
concentration gradients that move from high to low concentration
What is starlings laws of capillary forces - Correct Ans-the two forces at every capillary
membrane: hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
What is hydrostatic pressure; how does it work - Correct Ans-Pressure exerted by fluid
on the walls of blood vessel
pushes fluid out of the capillary toward the ICF
What is osmotic pressure; how does it work - Correct Ans-pressure exerted by the
solutes within the plasma
pulls the fluid into the capillary from the ICF
What is colloid oncotic - Correct Ans-osmotic pressure specifically exerted by albumin in
the bloodstream
What is tonicity - Correct Ans-the ability of solutes to cause osmotic driving force that
promotes water movement
Isotonic solutions - Correct Ans-Same sodium and chloride concentration as the
bloodstream and the same water concentration as the bloodstream
does not provoke change between ICF and ECF compartments
Isotonic solutions expand the plasma volume of blood
Hypotonic solutions - Correct Ans-composed of less sodium chloride concentration than
blood
0.45 %NaCl and 0.25 % NaCl
,less solute but more water than bloodstream
Move water from ECF to ICF
used to hydrate patient
Hypertonic Solution - Correct Ans-Composed of a greater concentration of NaCl
compared to blood
3% NaCl
More solute concentration and less water
Pulls water from the ICF to the ECF
Helps with edema, and cerebral edema
What is manitol used for and what classification is it - Correct Ans-It is a hypertonic
solution
moves water from ICF to ECF rapidly
What is osmotic diuresis - Correct Ans-increase in urine output caused by the excretion
of solutes
Factors that increase serum osmolality - Correct Ans-severe dehydration
free water loss
D.I
hypernatremia
hypergylcemia
Acute tubular necrosis
Factors that decrease serum osmolality - Correct Ans-Fluid volume excess
SIADH
Acute kidney injury
adrenal insufficiency
hyponatremia
overhydration
diuretic use
What is serum osmolality - Correct Ans-reflection of the concentration of sodium
What is urine specific gravity - Correct Ans-measures the density of urine compared to
water
What is the range for serum osmolality - Correct Ans-280-300
What is the range for urine specific gravity - Correct Ans-1.005-1.030
What does BUN measure - Correct Ans-the amount of urea in the blood stream
What is the range for BUN - Correct Ans-8-26 mg/dl
How can BUN be affected - Correct Ans-by someone who is dehydrated and having a
high protein diet
What is creatinine - Correct Ans-breakdown of the muscle metabolism
Why is creatinine a better indicator for renal function - Correct Ans-it is not easily
affected by hydration and protein status
What does hematocrit measure - Correct Ans-the percentage of RBC's in a a volume of
whole blood
What does dehydration do to HCT - Correct Ans-it will increase it due to decreased
water content of the blood which concentrates the red blood cells
What does polycythemia do to HCT - Correct Ans-increase it due to producing
abnormally large amounts of RBC's made by the bone marrow
What is hypovolemia - Correct Ans-When there is a loss of water and electrolytes at the
same proportion and it is more than the intake
How does FVD occur - Correct Ans-Due to losing bodily fluids and can happen faster
when coupled with decreased fluid intake and prolonged period of inadequate intake
Risk factors/factors that cause FVD - Correct Ans-abnormal fluid loss-vomiting and
diarrhea
sweating
GI suctioning
decreased intake
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