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CD 444 Final Exam – Questions & Complete Answers
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CD 444 Final Exam – Questions & Complete Answers
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CD 444 Final Exam – Questions & Complete AnswersWhy do you think that improved hearing aid technology has been shown to
have a positive impact on cognitive function in individuals with hearing loss?
Right Ans - Improved hearing aid technology has been shown to have a
positive impact on cognitive function in individuals with hearing loss because
cognitive function and hearing ability have a relationship, and cognitive
function and hearing aid technology are also related.
Evidence is growing that the cognitive ability of a patient affects the benefit
they receive from hearing aid technology. Cognitive ability can be a better
predictor of hearing aid benefit to speech understanding in complex listening
environments than the audiogram, where cognitive function is necessary to
separate the talker from other simultaneous talkers and focus attention on
that target speaker. Hearing aid technology significantly affects a patient's
hearing ability, most notably increasing audibility and improving speech
understanding. Some effects of technology on hearing can be difficult to
quantify, such as the impact of technology on spatial hearing, pitch perception,
and other complex auditory functions. The complexity with which we
consider patient needs and benefit from treatment has increased over the past
decade through the added consideration of cognitive function.
Patients with lower levels of cognitive functioning may be at greater risk for
poor satisfaction with and possible rejection of their hearing aids. Likely,
these patients would benefit from a longer period of counseling, education,
and training on topics such as expectations for hearing reha- bilitation,
hearing aid care, and use of hearing aids, including manual adjustments and
battery changes.
Hearing aid noise reduction can reduce cognitive load, making listening to
speech in noise easier for the hearing aid wearer even if speech understanding
isn't improved. Reduction in listening effort over a period of time can have the
effect of reducing listening fatigue, a problem experienc
Briefly describe the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline in
older individuals. Right Ans - Multiple studies have indicated that hearing
loss may be a significant causative factor with regard to cognitive decline in
older adults. Although some speculate against it, it has been proposed the
association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment could be the
result of an underlying common pathology. This means that the etiology of
hearing loss and cognitive decline could possibly share a common foundation,
such as vascular disease. The relationship between cognitive function,
,cognitive decline, hearing, hearing loss, listening ability—and the potential to
maintain or (perhaps one day) improve cognitive ability through amplification
remains promising, but essentially unknown and as of yet unproven, in 2015.
Hearing sensitivity worsens with increased age, and this is associated with
poorer speech intelligibility. Age-related changes in supra-threshold auditory
processing and cognition—that is, factors not captured by a traditional
audiometric assessment—contribute to the speech-identification difficulties
of older people.
Brains change and "re-wire" as a result of auditory deprivation, and when the
brain is not stimulated via audition, the auditory processing centers in the
temporal lobe can (and do) become recruited to perform other brain functions
such as somatosensory and visual processing functions. Although it appears
that amplification may offer promise for the hearing-impaired patient to help
maintain or improve cognitive function, those studies are as yet incomplete.
However, new and important information specifically addressing these (and
related) concerns are being published, availing a stream of interesting and
related information.
Cognitive function affects hearing ability in very direct ways. For example, the
ability to focus attention on different talkers in a crowded room is one top-
down benefit
How would you explain to this individual why it is important that their
hearing loss not go unmanaged? Right Ans - Hearing occurs in the brain. It
is where sound (speech) is processed and interpreted. When hearing loss is
unmanaged and the brain is not receiving that auditory stimulation, the neural
pathways from the ear to the brain can deteriorate. This leads to more
difficulty processing and understanding speech, and can accelerate cognitive
decline. It also impacts mental health and can contribute to feelings of
depression and withdrawal.
Name 4 specific areas or topics on which you might provide counseling and
education to this individual to help improve communication difficulties.
Right Ans - fully explain to individual about their hearing loss, assertiveness
training, repair strategies, anticipatory strategies, hearing aid orientation,
care and maintenance of hearing aids, self advocacy, special features of
hearing aids, education of family and friends, suggestions for communicating
with people who have hearing loss, realistic expectations, etc.
, Three groups of adult aural rehabilitation: Right Ans - Adults who have
been deaf all or most of their lives
Adults who become deaf as adults; often sudden onset
Adults who have gradually become hard of hearing; often the result of aging
and/or noise exposure.
SNHL in Adults Right Ans - ● Genetic predisposition is a factor
○ Predisposition for SNHL due to presbycusis
○ Predisposition for NI SNHL
○ Predisposition to ototoxicity
● General health is a factor
○ Smoking, alcoholism
○ Heart disease
○ Kidney disease
Health Care System Right Ans - - Hearing loss is third most prevalent
chronic health condition facing older adults
- Hearing loss is linked to cognitive decline, memory problems, and
depression in older adults.
- Insurance classifies hearing aids as an elective device and out-of-pocket
expense.
Adults who have been Deaf all or most of their lives Right Ans - -
Intervention should focus on:
- Functional communication skills
- Assistive devices
- Typically do not seek services from Audiologists, unless they have been
consistent long-term hearing aid users.
- Typically do not seek services from SLP
- Difficulty with employment and independent living skills is common.
Sometimes, but not always.. Right Ans - - They will gravitate toward deaf
community.
- They are concerned about issues that relate to deaf culture. If they have
access to a deaf community that focuses on deaf culture.
Signing Deaf Adults Right Ans - - Can have low language level
- If they are not immersed in deaf community
- If signing in home was limited
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