©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
Surgical Technology for the Surgical
Technologist: Chapter 14. Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Laparotomy - answer✔a surgical opening through the skin layer and abdominal wall into the peritoneal
cavity
subcutaneous fat, Scarpa's fascia, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transverse
abdominus muscle, transversalis fascia, peritoneum - answer✔layers of the abdominal wall:
preoperative preparation (laparotomy) - answer✔position: supine
anesthesia: general
skin prep: mid-chest to symphysis pubis and laterally as far as possible, may be extended to mid-thigh
for extensive procedures
draping: towels to square off, laparotomy drape
hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis, esophageal motility disorders, neoplasms, and trauma -
answer✔Pathological condition of the esophagus fall into four major categories:
hiatal hernia (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: acid reflux, mucosal erosion,
ulceration, scarring, stricture, burning, nonradiating pains, pain is positional
diagnostics: history, fluoroscopy during barium swallow, diagnostic endoscopy, manometry
treatments: medications to reduce acid production/reflux, diet and sleeping position modifications,
correction of anatomical defect, reconstruction of valve mechanism in lower esophagus, therapeutic
endoscopy
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
manometry - answer✔a diagnostic study to assess the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter; a
catheter sheathed with a water-filled balloon is inserted nasally and advanced into the esophagus; a
series of measurements reflecting esophageal resting pressures are taken as the catheters are moved
motility disorders (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: dysphagia, regurgitation of
undigested food
diagnostics: x-ray with contrast medium, cineradiography
treatments: usually unhelpful but newer medications have been effective, endoscopic dilation can
sometime provide relief of symptoms
dysphagia - answer✔difficulty in swallowing
cineradiography - answer✔the making of a motion picture record of successive images appearing on a
fluoroscopic screen
achalasia (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: weight loss, pain is uncommon, aspiration
pneumonia
diagnostics: manometry
treatments: surgical, therapeutic endoscopic procedure, transection of the muscle
achalasia - answer✔failure to relax smooth muscle fibers at any junction of one part of the
gastrointestinal tract with another, especially failure of the esophagogastric sphincter to relax with
swallowing
diverticula (Zenker's) (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: regurgitation of recently
swallowed material, choking, foul breath odor
diagnostics: x-ray with contrast medium
treatments: excision of the diverticula, correction of cause
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11/05/2024 12:06 PM
neoplasm (benign tumors are rare) (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: asymptomatic
early, dysphagia, weight loss, pain
diagnostics: barium contrast studies, CT scan
treatments: may be limited to palliation, radiotherapy, tracheostomy, extirpation of the esophagus,
reconstruction
tracheostomy - answer✔creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, with insertion of an
indwelling tube to facilitate passage of air or evacuation of secretions
extirpation - answer✔the surgical removal of an organ, a part of an organ, or a diseased tissue
trauma (esophageal pathology) - answer✔symptoms/signs: perforation (usually the result of
instrumentation), ingestion of caustic substances
diagnostics: varies with type
treatments: immediate surgical intervention
laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication - answer✔a surgical procedure that is performed to correct a hiatal
hernia
Abdominal esophagus - answer✔____________________________ extends from the esophageal hiatus
to the opening of the cardia of the stomach.
esophageal groove - answer✔Abdominal esophagus lies in the _________________________ on the
posterior surface of the left lobe of the liver.
lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - answer✔At the point where it joins the stomach is a layer of circular
muscle fibers called the ______________________________, which contracts to close the opening to
the stomach and prevent food and gastric juices from reentering the esophagus.
