Duke University
NCC National Certification Corporation
NCC Registered Nurse Certified in Neonatal Intensive
Care Nursing RNC- NIC Exam
Course Title and Number: NCC Registered Nurse Certified in
Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing RNC-NIC Exam
Exam Title: Board Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2024- 2025
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
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NCC National Certification
Corporation 2024-2025 NICU Critical Care RN
Certification RNC Infectious Diseases Exam Review
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Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
Overall functions of the immune system.
a. Defense—resistance to infection by microorganisms.
b. Homeostasis—removal of worn-out cells.
c. Surveillance—perception and destruction of mutant
cells.
2. Components of the immune system. a. The
nonspecific mechanisms, which include phagocytosis,
the inflammatory response, and several amplification
systems including complement, coagulation, and kinin
systems.
b. The specific immune responses, which consist of
cell-mediated (T cell) and humoral (B cell) systems. (1)
Both are interdependent and interrelated; for example,
the activation of the complement system by
immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG), or the production of
chemotactic factors and other lymphokines, plays a
significant role in the whole inflammatory response.
(2) Nonspecific immune mechanisms—function without
prior exposure, identified early in gestation, functional
development at 32 to 33 weeks.
c. - Answer>> Host defense mechanisms
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1. Immunoglobulin (McCance and
Huether, 2002; Polin et al.,
2001).
a. Humoral immunity is a specific antibody-mediated
response that functions most effectively if there has
been previous exposure.
b. Antibodies are derived from B cells, which have
been activated by T cells and antigens (Fig. 32-1).
(1) B cells mature and are stored in lymph tissue and
bone marrow.
(2) B cells also produce memory cells that recognize
antigens on subsequent exposures and initiate an
antibody response.
(3) Antibody functions include: (a) Recognition of
bacterial antigens.
(b) Neutralization or opsonization of foreign
substances, rendering them susceptible to
phagocytosis.
2. Types of immunoglobulin. a. Immunoglobulin G
(IgG). (1) Major immunoglobulin of serum and
interstitial fluid.
(2) Provides immunity against bacterial and viral
pathogens.
(3) Placental transfer to the fetus is either an active or
a passive pro - Answer>> Humoral Immunity
1. Specific cellular immunity is mediated by T
lymphocytes, which enhance the efficiency of the
phagocytic responses. a. T lymphocytes migrate to the
thymus, where they begin differentiation (see Fig. 32-
1).
b. They are activated by antigens to which they have
become sensitized and subsequently become memory
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or activated T cells. However,
they must be "processed" and
presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells
(i.e., macrophages and monocytes). (1) Memory cells
respond at a later time to the same antigen.
(2) There are three types of activated T cells. (a)
Cytotoxic: kill foreign or virus-infected cells.
(b) Helper: enable B or T cells to respond to antigens
and activate macrophages.
(c) Suppressor: repress responses of specific T and B
lymphocytes to antigens.
(3) T lymphocytes modify the behavior of phagocytic
cells, produce a variety of cytokines, and increase their
antimicrobial activity. - Answer>> Cellular Immunity
Humoral immunity.
a. Decreased antibody levels.
(1) Poor response to antigenic stimuli.
(2) No production of type-specific antibodies.
(3) Fewer B cells recognize foreign antibodies.
(4) Delay in the development of cytotoxic T
lymphocytes, increasing the risk for viral infections.
b. Decreased opsonic activity.
(1) Impaired circulating antibody.
(2) Maternal complement is not transferred.
(3) Depressed complement (classical and alternate)
pathways and decreased levels of components of the
complement cascade (50% to 80%) of adult values and
less in the premature infant.
2. Neutrophil response.
a. Diminished size of neutrophil storage and
proliferative pools.
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