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PSY102 Cognitive Psychology final exam questions with 100% correct answers; latest exam graded A+

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This exam test is written to expose managers in practice, experts, professionals and students to the reality of applying the concepts of cognitive psychology

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  • November 12, 2024
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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM
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cognitive psychology - - refers to all processes by which sensory input is transmitted,
reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used

innate knowledge - - belief that humans are born already possessing knowledge about
the world
- emphasized by Aristotle
- nature

tabula rasa - - blank slate; everything we know, think, feel, and all behaviors are learned
after birth
- emphasized by Plato
- nurture

structuralism - - Wilhelm Wundt
- the belief that consciousness can be broken into elements of sensation and perception

consciousness - - the awareness people have about outside world and their
perceptions, images, memories, and feelings

introspection - - Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
- subjective observation of one's own experience
- bad method

savings curve - - Herman Ebbinghaus
- shows that memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after initial learning, then levels off

functionalism - - William James
- interest in how the mind adapts to function in an individuals environment
- James was heavily influenced by Darwin's origin of species

behaviorism - - John B. Watson
- believed that psychology should focus on only observable behaviors and their
reactions to stimuli in the environment
- also known as the S.R. approach
- heavily influenced by Pavlov

, operational definition - - B.F. Skinner
- precise definition that specifies exactly how a researcher will conceptualize and
measure a concept

gestalt psychology - - Wolfgang Kohler
- the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- study perceptual illusions

Frederic Bartlett's research on memory - - disagreed with Ebbinghaus's use of
nonsense syllables and carefully controlled research settings - instead used meaningful
stories in research
- found that people make systematic errors when trying to recall
- argued that memory is an active and structured process

information processing - - mental processes are similar to that of a computer
- information progresses through the cognitive system in a series of stages, one step at
a time

sensory memory - - stores sensory information with reasonable accuracy
- first stop for information
- short duration (2 seconds)
- relatively large capacity
- two sections: iconic = visual information, echoic = auditory information

short-term memory - - small capacity
- 7 +/- 2 units of information
- short duration
- approximately 30 seconds without rehearsal
- actively transform and manipulate information

long-term memory - - unlimited capacity and duration

Freud's unconscious - - part of the psychoanalytic theory
- processes that operate outside of the conscious awareness and drive motivation

cognitive neuroscience - - goal is to match brain structures with specific cognitive tasks
- first person in field: Paul Baroka (Baroka's area = speech production)

artificial intelligence - - attempts to generate computer models that stimulate cognitive
processes

computer stimulation - - attempts to take human limitations into account
- must show same number and type of errors as humans

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