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Tamu Bio 111 Exam 1 Study Guide (CH 1-5) Questions And Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+
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Tamu Bio 111 Exam 1 Study Guide (CH 1-5) Questions And Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+
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Tamu Bio 111 Exam 1 Study Guide (CH 1-5)Questions And Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+
ORGANIC MOLECULES - ✔✔Molecules that contain carbon
CARBON - ✔✔Can make up to 4 bonds; diverse arrangements possible; can make complex molecules
required for life (usually single or double bonds; can form polar and non-polar bonds); bonds are stable
in large ranges of temperature
HYDROCARBONS - ✔✔Simplest organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen
ISOMERS - ✔✔Compounds that have the same number and types of atoms of an element, but
arranged differently
3 TYPES OF ISOMERS - ✔✔1) Structural (e.g. Pentane, 2-methyl butane)
2) Cis-Trans (e.g. Retinal)
3) Enantiomers (e.g. L isomer, D isomer, Thalidomide)
CIS ISOMERS - ✔✔Two compounds or elements that are on the same side of a double bond
e.g. unsaturated fats
TRANS ISOMERS - ✔✔Two compounds or elements that are on the opposite sides of a double bond
e.g. trans fats
ENANTIOMERS - ✔✔Asymmetric carbon
e.g. Ibuprofen
, Effective Enantiomer: S-Ibuprofen
Ineffective Enantiomer: R-Ibuprofen
e.g. Albuterol
Effective Enantiomer: R-Albuterol
Ineffective Enantiomer: S-Albuterol
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - ✔✔Chemical groups that affect the function of molecules and often
participate in chemical reactions
HYDROXYL GROUP - ✔✔--OH; polar due to electronegative oxygen; forms hydrogen bonds with
water Compound Name: Alcohol
CARBONYL GROUP - ✔✔--C=O; polar; sugars with ketone groups called ketoses; those with
aldehydes are called aldoses
e.g. sugars
Compound Name: Ketone, Aldehyde
CARBOXYL GROUP - ✔✔--COOH; polar; acts as an
acid e.g. amino acids, fatty acids
Compound Name: Carboxylic Acid, Organic Acid
AMINO GROUP - ✔✔--NH2; polar; acts as a base
e.g. amino acids
Compound Name: Amine
SULFHYDRYL GROUP - ✔✔--SH; non-polar; two --SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link" that
helps stabilize protein structure
e.g. in some amino acids
Compound Name: Thiol
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