Science of Happiness NYU Study Guide with Verified
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Growth mindset - ✔✔Intelligence is a malleable quality that can be developed and cultivated
through effort.
-Challenges, obstacles, effort, criticism, success of others
Fixed mindset - ✔✔Intelligence is a fixed trait that cannot be developed.
-Challenges, obstacles, effort, criticism, success of others
The pros of procrastination... - ✔✔-Short term benefits, increases positive emotions, well-
being skyrockets
-Early stress relief, much healthier
-1st half of semester- lower use of health center (Tice and Baumeister, 1997)
The cons of procrastination... - ✔✔-Significant increase in stress late in
semester -2nd half of semester- increase use of health center
-Consistently produced lower quality work/lower grades
-Early gains were more than offset by losses
Choice paralysis - ✔✔"The state of over-thinking a decision to the point that a choice never gets
made, thereby creating inaction."
Opportunity cost - ✔✔"Opportunity cost refers to a benefit that a person could have received, but
gave up, to take another course of action. Stated differently, an opportunity cost representatives an
alternative given up when a decision is made."
Maximizing vs. satisficing - ✔✔Seek and accept only the best (or aspire to do so) vs. settle for
something that is good enough (merely excellent?)
, Communication Danger Signs - ✔✔-Escalation
-Invalidation
-Negative intrepretations
-Withdrawal
Rules for Speaker - ✔✔-Speak for self
-No mind-reading
-Be brief
-Stop so listener can paraphrase
Rules for listener - ✔✔-Only paraphrase
Active constructive responding - ✔✔Enthusiastic support, eye contact, authentic, "Great news! I
knew you'd do it. How do you feel?"
Active Destructive Responding - ✔✔Dismissing the event, demeaning, "I don't believe you! It
sounds stressful."
Passive Constructive Responding - ✔✔Low energy, delayed response, quiet, "Oh cool, that's nice...
good for you."
Passive Destructive Responding - ✔✔Turns focus inward, avoiding, ignore speaker, "Huh. Well, I just
got a new video game."
Within four weeks of ACR: - ✔✔-Increased gratitude
-Greater closeness
-Higher levels of happiness
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