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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Questions and100% Correct Answers
What is positive about bacteria - ✔✔Bacteria are everywhere
skin: beneficial, keeps harmful bacteria from growing
digestive system: break down food and absorb vitamins
ecosystem: decompose, fix nitrogen that plants need
virulence factors - ✔✔traits used to invade and establish themselves in the host, also
determine the degree of tissue damage that occurs - severity of disease
Streptococcus pyogenes - ✔✔strep throat- protein F- resp epithelial cells
Streptococcus mutans - ✔✔dental caries- adhesion P1- teeth
Neisseria gonorrhoeae - ✔✔gonorrhea- type IV pili- urethane epithelial cell
Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli - ✔✔traveler's diarrhea- type 1 Fimbriae- intestinal epithelial
cells
Vibrio cholerae - ✔✔cholera- N methylphenidate- intestinal epithelial cells
antigenic variation - ✔✔Alter surface proteins so the pathogen is not recognized by the host
immune system
How can microorganisms evade the immune system ? - ✔✔Antigenic variation, bacteria
produce capsules, acid fast bacterium produce waxy substances/ mycolic acid
,Influenza virus - ✔✔Dz: influenza
attach: Hemagglutinin/ sialic acid of resp intestinal cells
Herpes simplex virsus - ✔✔Dz: oral/genital herpes
attach: Glycoproteins gab, gC, gD. Heparin sulfate on mucosal surfaces of mouth and genitals
human immunodeficiency virus - ✔✔Dz: HIV
attach: Glycoprotein gp 120- CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 of immune system cells
antigentic shift - ✔✔A MAJOR change in the antigentic structure of the causal agent due to
the recombination of the genetic material from two different strains of the causal agent. More
dangerous
Antigenic drift - ✔✔Minor change in influenza virus antigens due to gene mutation
Virulence factors for Candida albicans (fungus) - ✔✔Surface glycoprotein.
invades proteases, keratinase, and phospholipase
cause oral thrush and vaginal yeast infection
Virulence factor for cryptococcus (fungus) - ✔✔Capsule made of glucuronoxylomannan
cause pneumonia and meningitis
Virulence factors for claviceps (fungus) - ✔✔Ergot toxin (myocotoxins)
grows on rye/grains
cause gangrene and convulsive
Virulence factors for aspergillus (fungus) - ✔✔Myocotoxin Aflatoxin- carcinogen
, enters body thru contaminated food or inhalation
Myocotoxins - ✔✔Fungal toxins/ poisonous
can be toxic when they eat, absorbed into the skin or inhaled. Can cause death.
Virulence factor of Giardia lamblia (protozoan) - ✔✔Large adhesion disk uses flagella to draw
fluid out that lowers pressure = facilitate adhesion
intestinal disease
Virulence factor Plasmodium falciparum (protozoan) - ✔✔Antigenic variation. Adhesion
membrane protein called PfEMP1. RBC stick together stop blood flow
malaria
Virulence factor Trypanosoma Brucei (protozoan) - ✔✔Capsules and antigenic variations
African Sleeping Sickness
Virulence factors with Helminths - ✔✔Parasitic worms
large and evade immune system
roundworms protected by tough outer cuticle
glycan "Gimmickry" resembles host cells, immune system fails to recognize the attack
suppress immune system or make the immune system respond inappropriately
Bacteremia - ✔✔bacteria in the blood
septicemia - ✔✔growth of bacteria in the blood and multiplying
Viremia - ✔✔viruses in the blood
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