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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Guide Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Guide Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Study Guide Questionsand 100% Correct Answers
Major groups of fungi - ✔✔Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota.
Ascomycota - ✔✔Ascomycota, or sac fungi, are characterized by the production of sexual
spores (ascospores) within a sac-like structure called an ascus. Many yeasts and molds belong
to this group.
Basidiomycota - ✔✔Basidiomycota, or club fungi, include mushrooms, puffballs, and rusts.
They are characterized by the production of sexual spores (basidiospores) on club-shaped
structures called basidia.
Microsporidia - ✔✔Microsporidia are unicellular, obligate intracellular parasites. They are
known for their small size and lack of mitochondria.
Zygomycota - ✔✔Zygomycota, or conjugated fungi, are characterized by the formation of
sexual spores (zygospores) through the fusion of specialized hyphae.
Protozoans - ✔✔Protozoans are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that exhibit animal-like
characteristics, such as motility and heterotrophic nutrition.
Reproductive mechanisms of protozoans - ✔✔Protozoans can reproduce both asexually and
sexually. Asexual methods include binary fission and multiple fission. Sexual reproduction can
occur through conjugation or the fusion of gametes.
Parasitic helminths - ✔✔The two major groups of parasitic helminths are Nematoda
(roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms).
,Complexity of helminths - ✔✔Helminths are more complex than other microorganisms
because they are multicellular organisms with specialized tissues and organs.
Monoecious and dioecious - ✔✔Monoecious helminths have both male and female
reproductive organs within a single individual. Dioecious helminths have separate male and
female individuals.
Nematoda - ✔✔Nematoda, or roundworms, are characterized by their cylindrical,
unsegmented bodies. They have a complete digestive system and are often parasitic.
Flukes (trematodes) - ✔✔Flukes are flatworms with leaf-shaped bodies. They are typically
parasitic and often have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts.
Tapeworms (cestodes) - ✔✔Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that lack a digestive
system. They absorb nutrients directly from their hosts.
Homolactic fermentation - ✔✔Homolactic fermentation is a pathway in which glucose is
converted primarily into lactic acid.
Heterolactic fermentation - ✔✔Heterolactic fermentation produces lactic acid along with
other byproducts, such as ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation - ✔✔Products: Acetone, butanol, ethanol.
Microorganisms: Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Alcohol fermentation - ✔✔Products: Ethanol, carbon dioxide. Microorganisms: Yeasts (e.g.,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Butanediol fermentation - ✔✔Products: Butanediol, ethanol, carbon dioxide.
Microorganisms: Enterobacter, Serratia, and some Bacillus species.
, Prokaryotic cells - ✔✔Lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells - ✔✔Possess a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane.
Bacteria - ✔✔Bacteria are prokaryotic, single-celled organisms with diverse metabolic
capabilities.
Protists - ✔✔Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms, including algae,
protozoa, and slime molds.
Fungi - ✔✔Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, that
obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter.
Helminths - ✔✔Helminths are multicellular parasitic worms that can infect various tissues
and organs in their hosts.
Virus - ✔✔All viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein
coat called a capsid.
Nucleoid - ✔✔The nucleoid is the region within a prokaryotic cell where the genetic material
(DNA) is located.
Ribosomes - ✔✔Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
Endospores - ✔✔Endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures formed by certain
bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.
Plasma membrane - ✔✔The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances into and
out of the cell.
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