PHSL 1010 Unit 2 Chapter 6 Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Pass
Many axons split into multiple branches, with each branch ending in multiple axon terminals. A main
branch off of an axon is called an axon... - answer✔collateral
What are the branches of an axon called? - answer✔collaterals
Neurons entirely within the CNS that form links between other neurons and comprise 99% of all neurons
are called... - answer✔interneurons
A collection of afferent and efferent neuron axons wrapped together with connective tissue in the
peripheral nervous system is called a... - answer✔nerve
The structure within the circle formed by these two adjacent neurons is called a... - answer✔synapse
What is the functional connection between a neuron and an effector cell called... - answer✔synapse
The highly selective barrier to diffusion that the specialized capillaries of the brain create is known as
the... - answer✔blood-brain-barrier
The junction between a neuron and either another neuron or an effector cell is called a(n)... -
answer✔synapse
The electrical potential between charges tends to make them flow, thus producing a... - answer✔current
The hindrance to electrical charge movement is known as... - answer✔resistance
Sodium ions are in higher concentration in the... fluid, while potassium ions are in higher concentration
in the... fluid. - answer✔extracellular, intracellular
All cells under resting conditions have a voltage difference between the inside and outside of their
plasma membranes, which is referred to as the... - answer✔resting membrane potential
When the concentration gradient for an ion across a membrane causes a flux that is equal and opposite
to the flux caused by the electrical gradient, the membrane is at the... for that ion. -
answer✔equilibrium potential
The ability of cells with actively-gated channels to produce electrical signals is called: -
answer✔excitability
The capability of a cell to produce electrical signals through the action of actively-gated ion channels is
called... - answer✔excitability
Afferent Neurons - answer✔- Transmit information toward the CNS.
- Least abundant type of neuron.
- Contain sensory receptors at their peripheral endings.
- Cell body and long peripheral process of the axon are in the PNS.
Efferent Neurons - answer✔- Transmit information away from the CNS.
- Second most abundant type of neuron.
- Axons terminate on muscles, glands, or other neurons.
- Cell body, dendrites, and small segment of axon are in the CNS.
Interneurons - answer✔- Function as integrators and signal changers.
- Account for 99% of all neurons.
- Lie entirely within the CNS.
- Have a wide range of physiological properties, shapes, and functions.
Astrocytes - answer✔- Remove potassium and neurotransmitters from ECF near brain synapses.
- Help create the blood- brain barrier.
- Sustain the neurons metabolically.
- Serves as guides for developing neurons.
Oligodendrocytes - answer✔- Form myelin
Ependymal cells - answer✔- Regulate production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Microglia - answer✔- Provide immune functions.
Glial cells - answer✔- Many tumors of the nervous system arise from glial cell types rather than from
neurons.
- Astrocytes stimulate the formation of tight junctions by blood vessel walls, contributing to the blood-
brain barrier.
- Ependymal cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain.
- Glial cells surround the soma, axon, and dendrites of neurons and provide them with physical and
metabolic support.
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