What is risk? - answer a calculated possibility of a negative outcome
What is calculated possibility? - answer a probabilistic outcome that is known or
estimated (ranges from 0% to 100%)
What is a negative outcome? - answer a loss that must be quantifiable
What is frequency? - answer how often a loss occurs (frequency= number of losses /
number of exposures)
What is severity? - answer How much a loss costs when it occurs (severity = total
losses ($) / number of losses)
What is a peril? - answera cause of a loss (fire, tornado, collision)
What is a hazard? - answera condition that creates to increases the frequency and/or
severity of a loss but does not cause the loss
What are the four types of hazards? - answer- physical
- moral
- morale
- legal
What is a physical hazard? - answera physical condition that increases the frequency
and/or severity of a loss (corrosion on pipes, too many wires plugged in to an outlet)
what is a moral hazard? - answerdishonesty in an individual that increases the
frequency or severity of a loss. the presence of insurance changes the behavior of the
insured (causing "hail" damage with a hammer)
What is a morale hazard? - answercarelessness or indifference to a loss, which
increases the frequency and/or severity of a loss (leaving the car keys in your unlocked
car)
What is a legal hazard? - answercharacteristics of the legal systems or regulatory
environment that increase the frequency and/or severity of a loss (juries being more
sympathetic in some areas)
What is a pure risk? - answera risk in which there is no gain. the outcomes are either
loss or no loss
, what is speculative risk? - answera risk in which there is a possibility for gain. the
outcomes are either loss, no change, or gain.
What is the difference between pure and speculative risk? - answerwith speculative risk,
there is a chance of gain, whereas there is no chance for gain with pure risk
can you buy insurance for pure risks? - answeryes
can you buy insurance for speculative risks? - answerNo
What is diversifiable risk? - answera risk that affects only individuals or small groups,
not the entire economy. risk is not correlated
How do you reduce/eliminate diversifiable risk? - answerdiversification
What is nondiversifiable risk? - answera risk that affects the entire economy or a large
group of people. this cannot be reduced/eliminated through diversification. this risk is
correlated.
What is enterprise risk? - answerencompasses all major risks faced by a business firm:
- pure risk
- speculative risk
- strategic risk
- operational risk
- financial risk
What is systemic risk? - answerthe risk of collapse of an entire system or market due to
failure of a single entity or group of entities that can result in the breakdown of the entire
financial system. this is due to the interdependency between the players in the system
What are the major types of pure risk? - answer- personal risk
- property risk
- liability risk
- loss of business income
- cyber security
What is personal risk? - answera risk that directly affects an individual or family;
involves the possibility of loss of income, extra expenses, or depletion of financial
assets (death, unemployment, disability, injury, inadequate retirement income)
What is property risk? - answerthe possibility of losses associated with the destruction
or theft of property
What is a direct loss? - answerthe cost to repair or replace property damaged by a peril
(money paid to fix your flooded basement)
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