Psych 111 - Exam 1 Questions And Answers 100% Pass
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Course
Psych 111
Institution
Psych 111
Psych 111 - Exam 1 Questions And Answers
100% Pass
What is psychology? - answerThe scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior
What does psychology reflect the influences of? - answer• Biological processes
• Individual differences (gender, pain)
• Time and culture (we conti...
- Elements of consciousness/moments of consciousness
What did Titchener do? - answer✔• Brought Structuralism to the US
• Relied on the identification of the basic elements
What did William James do? - answer✔• Built on the principles of introspection and the study of
conscious experiences, but focuses on WHY and the adaptive reasons for what and how we perceive the
real world
• Natural selection
• Functionalism
What is functionalism? - answer✔• The study of the function or purpose conscious mental processes
serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
• We can't divide our memory that well but we think we can
Who do many psychologists focus on for studies? - answer✔Patients with psychological disorders to
understand human behavior
Who influenced the Psychoanalytic perspective? - answer✔Sigmund Freud
What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - answer✔• Identified the role of unconscious forces that
determine thoughts, feelings and behavior
• Personality is dependent on early life experiences
• Drives and motivations conflict leading to compromises (defense mechanisms, symptoms)
• Focus on sexual and aggressive impulses
What is the theory behind the psychoanalytic perspective? - answer✔• Unconscious mental processes
shape feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
• They would make us uncomfortable if we knew them
What is a Freudian Slip? - answer✔• Elements of unconscious processing according to this perspective
• Supposed to be unconscious but it comes out into the conscious
• We are not in charge of our unconscious
What is the Humanistic perspective? - answer✔• Said psychoanalytic perspective is too pessimistic
• Stresses positive potential of all humans
• Believes in free will
• Posits and inherit drive to develop and reach full potential
What is the behaviorist perspective? - answer✔• Focus on observable behavioral responses
• Doesn't study mental life at all
• Emphasizes the environmental impact on a person's actions
• Predict and control behavior in ways that benefit society
Who created the behaviorist perspective? - answer✔Watson
Who did classical conditioning/what is it? - answer✔• Pavlov and Watson
• Associative learning pairing stimuli and response
• Footsteps make dogs drool
Who created operative conditioning? - answer✔Skinner
What is operative conditioning? - answer✔• Focuses on behaviorist perspective
• Explores reinforcement and punishment as determinants of behavior
• Rewarded for something: increased likelihood you'll repeat the behavior
• Punished: won't repeat behavior
What is social learning theory? By who? - answer✔• By Bandura
• Behavior is influenced by the observation of others
What is the cognitive perspective? - answer✔• How one thinks affects behavior and responses
• Studies the mental processes involved in knowing
• Explores how one understands and then thinks about solving problems
• Storage and retrieval of information
• Mind is like a computer
• How to pay attention to many things at once
What is the Biological/Biopsychological Perspective and cognitive neuroscience - answer✔•
Understands the mind and behavior through biological processes in the brain
• Explores the electrical and chemical processes of neurons affecting mood, perception, cognition and
behavior
• Birth defects/damage hurts the brain and affects ability
What is evolutionary psych? - answer✔• Understands mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive
selection of traits and functions over time
• Seeks to understand a variety of research findings within this theoretical framework
• Feel nausea faster with smell than with vision
What is developmental psych? - answer✔• Explores universal aspects of physical, cognitive and socio-
emotional development across the lifespan
• Identifies variations in development across experience
What is social psych? - answer✔• Individual and group behaviors and responses across situations
• Causes and consequences
• Altruism and bystander behavior
• Running faster when with others
• MIlgram and Zimbardo
What is cultural psych? - answer✔• Identifies and explores the role of culture on the psychological
processes of its members
• Culture can influence thoughts, perceptions and behavior
• Absolutists say culture has little impact
• Relativists say culture has large impact
What is personality psych? - answer✔Define, describe and measure the stability of behaviors and
personality traits over time
What is psychometric psych? - answer✔Looks at the measurement of behavior through the
development of psychological tests
- no manipulation - measuring what's there
What is experimental psych? - answer✔Conduct lab studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation
and perception, physiology and cognition
- Manipulating things
What is health psych? - answer✔Interaction between psychological factors and physical well-being and
illness
What is clinical psych? - answer✔• Diagnose and treat emotional problems
• Neuropsychology: focus on CNS disorders, trauma, dementia
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