Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
Pharmacology
Institution
Pharmacology
Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Pharmacokinetics - answerthe impact of the body on drugs; from Greek words drug and motion; drug
metabolism and drug excretion
Principles of pharmacokinetics - answerabsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Absorption - a...
Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Pharmacokinetics - answer✔the impact of the body on drugs; from Greek words drug and motion; drug
metabolism and drug excretion
Principles of pharmacokinetics - answer✔absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Absorption - answer✔The drug's movement from its site of administration into the blood
Distribution - answer✔the drug's movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from
there into cells
Metabolism (biotransformation) - answer✔the enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure
What happens when a drug is metabolized? - answer✔-Accelerated renal excretion of drugs
-Drug inactivation
-Increased therapeutic action
-Activation of "prodrugs"
-Increased toxicity
-Decreased toxicity
Excretion - answer✔the movement of drugs and their metabolites out of the body
Steps in renal drug excretion - answer✔-Glomerular filtration-excreted in bloodstream
-Passive tubular reabsorption-excreted in urine
-Active tubular secretion
Pharmacodynamics - answer✔the impact of drugs on the body; the study of the biochemical and
physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
Principles of pharmacodynamics - answer✔dose-response receptors, variability, therapeutic index, and
half life
Dose-response relationship - answer✔Maximal efficacy (the target effect that a drug can produce) and
relative potency (the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect)
Therapeutic range/index - answer✔range of plasma drug levels, falling between the minimum effective
concentration (MEC) and the toxic concentration
Drug half life - answer✔the time it takes for the time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by 50%
Theories of drug-receptor interaction - answer✔-Simple occupancy theory
-Modified occupancy theory
Simple occupancy theory - answer✔(1) the intensity of the response to a drug is proportional to the
number of receptors occupied by that drug, and (2) a maximal response will occur when all available
receptors have been occupied
Modified occupancy theory - answer✔Affinity-the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor
Intrinsic activity-the ability of a drug to activate the receptor following binding
Agonist - answer✔molecules that activate receptors; the enabler; the gas
Antagonist - answer✔prevents receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs; the
brakes
Interpatient variability - answer✔Differences in response to drug(s) between patients.
Rights of medication administration - answer✔a) Right drug
Minimizing adverse reactions - answer✔-Impact of medication errors
-Who makes them
-What is a medication error
A patient's last line of defense against medication errors made by others is the nurse!
Medical use of essential vitamins and minerals - answer✔-Vitamins are organic compounds that help to
maintain normal metabolic functions, growth and tissue repair
-Essential for energy transformation and maintenance of health
Fat soluble vitamins - answer✔A, D, E, K
Water Soluble - answer✔B vitamins, C
Vitamin A (Retinol) - answer✔Indications:
-night vision
-normal vision
-skin integrity
Sources:
-fish liver oil, liver, butter, dark fruit, green leafy veggies, milk
Deficiency effects:
night blindness, skin lesions
Generic name:
-Aquasol A
-Comes in PO and injectable form
Vitamin D - answer✔Indications:
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