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Exam (elaborations)

Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

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  • Pharmacology

Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam Questions With Correct Answers Pharmacokinetics - answerthe impact of the body on drugs; from Greek words drug and motion; drug metabolism and drug excretion Principles of pharmacokinetics - answerabsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Absorption - a...

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  • November 12, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacology
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Thebright
©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/05/2024 12:06 PM


Pharmacology Midterm 2024 Exam
Questions With Correct Answers


Pharmacokinetics - answer✔the impact of the body on drugs; from Greek words drug and motion; drug
metabolism and drug excretion

Principles of pharmacokinetics - answer✔absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Absorption - answer✔The drug's movement from its site of administration into the blood

Distribution - answer✔the drug's movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from
there into cells

Metabolism (biotransformation) - answer✔the enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure

What happens when a drug is metabolized? - answer✔-Accelerated renal excretion of drugs

-Drug inactivation

-Increased therapeutic action

-Activation of "prodrugs"

-Increased toxicity

-Decreased toxicity

Excretion - answer✔the movement of drugs and their metabolites out of the body

Steps in renal drug excretion - answer✔-Glomerular filtration-excreted in bloodstream

-Passive tubular reabsorption-excreted in urine

-Active tubular secretion

Pharmacodynamics - answer✔the impact of drugs on the body; the study of the biochemical and
physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced

Principles of pharmacodynamics - answer✔dose-response receptors, variability, therapeutic index, and
half life

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/05/2024 12:06 PM

Dose-response relationship - answer✔Maximal efficacy (the target effect that a drug can produce) and
relative potency (the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect)

Therapeutic range/index - answer✔range of plasma drug levels, falling between the minimum effective
concentration (MEC) and the toxic concentration

Drug half life - answer✔the time it takes for the time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by 50%

Theories of drug-receptor interaction - answer✔-Simple occupancy theory

-Modified occupancy theory

Simple occupancy theory - answer✔(1) the intensity of the response to a drug is proportional to the
number of receptors occupied by that drug, and (2) a maximal response will occur when all available
receptors have been occupied

Modified occupancy theory - answer✔Affinity-the strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor



Intrinsic activity-the ability of a drug to activate the receptor following binding

Agonist - answer✔molecules that activate receptors; the enabler; the gas

Antagonist - answer✔prevents receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs; the
brakes

Interpatient variability - answer✔Differences in response to drug(s) between patients.

Rights of medication administration - answer✔a) Right drug

b) Right dose

c) Right patient

d) Right route

e) Right time

f) Right documentation

g) Right assessment

h) Right evaluation

i) Right to education

j) Right to refusal

Drug reactions - answer✔Organ-specific toxicity:

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/05/2024 12:06 PM

-Hepatotoxic drugs

-QT interval drugs



Side effect, toxicity, allergic reactions, idiosyncratic effect, iatrogenic disease, physical dependence,
carcinogenic effect, teratogenic effect

Minimizing adverse reactions - answer✔-Impact of medication errors

-Who makes them

-What is a medication error

A patient's last line of defense against medication errors made by others is the nurse!

Medical use of essential vitamins and minerals - answer✔-Vitamins are organic compounds that help to
maintain normal metabolic functions, growth and tissue repair



-Essential for energy transformation and maintenance of health

Fat soluble vitamins - answer✔A, D, E, K

Water Soluble - answer✔B vitamins, C

Vitamin A (Retinol) - answer✔Indications:

-night vision

-normal vision

-skin integrity

Sources:

-fish liver oil, liver, butter, dark fruit, green leafy veggies, milk

Deficiency effects:

night blindness, skin lesions

Generic name:

-Aquasol A

-Comes in PO and injectable form

Vitamin D - answer✔Indications:

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