PVCC BIO 150 Test 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved correctly
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Course
PVCC BIO 150
Institution
PVCC BIO 150
Uncoating - ️️-Removal of the capsid (protein layer made up of capsomere protein),
releases genome in the cell
-Capsomeres may be broken down and used by the cell
-Capsid not always degraded, proteins may be present in the capsid to be used as
enzymes inside of host cell in the viral replic...
PVCC BIO 150 Test 1
Uncoating - ✔️✔️-Removal of the capsid (protein layer made up of capsomere protein),
releases genome in the cell
-Capsomeres may be broken down and used by the cell
-Capsid not always degraded, proteins may be present in the capsid to be used as
enzymes inside of host cell in the viral replication cycle
Adsorption - ✔️✔️-process of the virus binding or sticking to a surface of a host cell
-Virus coincidentally bumps into a susceptible host cell-binds if the host tell receptors
"match" with the virus-bump off if receptors and spikes do not match
obligate intracellular parasites - ✔️✔️cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host
cell and instruct genetic and metabolic machinery to make and release new viruses
dna, rna - ✔️✔️viruses have ______________ or ________________, not both
Properties of Viruses - ✔️✔️-do not independently fulfill characteristics of life
-obligate intracellular parasites
-no ribosomes or other organelles
-DNA OR RNA, not both-can be SS or DS
10 - ✔️✔️viral genetic material makes up about ___________% of the human genome
viral families - ✔️✔️-end in suffix -viridae (ex. Coronaviridae → crown shaped virus)
-Names follow no consistent pattern, some indicate appearance, others named for
geographic area from which first isolated
species name - ✔️✔️Species name often name of disease
Ex. polio virus causes poliomyelitis
Commonly referred to only by species name
Dimitri Ivanowski - ✔️✔️1892, filtered Tobacco Mosaic Virus -> infectious agent not a
cell and is infectious
Martinus Beijerinck - ✔️✔️-Idea of virus-contagium vivium fluidum- "soluable living
germ"
-studied Tobacco Mosaic Virus
naked virus - ✔️✔️virus without an envelope
-Can only get in the cell via endocytosis-cell eating-receptor mediated endocytosis
, enveloped virus - ✔️✔️-virus contained within a phospholipid membrane stolen from its
host cell
-envelope can come from nuclear membrane, ER membrane, or plasma membrane
-Receptor mediated endocytosis, Ligand-mediated fusion
penetration - ✔️✔️Cell membrane penetrated, whole virus in its
Endocytosis is the safest mechanism so that the cell can maintain integrity of the
membrane-specific on what it brings in
Ligand-mediated fusion - ✔️✔️envelope of virus fuse with cell membrane and the
nucleocapsid can enter the cell, envelope stays outside of cell--looks like little patches
on the cell membrane
Synthesis - ✔️✔️-Production of viral proteins and enzymes, replication of viral genome
-DNA or RNA needs to be copied and viral proteins (ex. Spikes and capsomeres and
other enzymes have to be made)
-DNA replicates in the nucleus
-RNA replicates in cytoplasm
Positive (+) sense - ✔️✔️"reading"/written in the correct direction, left to right, proteins
can be synthesized immediately
Negative (-) sense - ✔️✔️written in the wrong direction, needs to be "translated" in
order to be read in the right direction (usually single strand RNA)
Retrovirus - ✔️✔️-RNA virus, once in host cell, they incorporate genetic material into
cell genome by turning their RNA into DNA
-(uses enzyme reverse transcriptase-a virus enzyme!!!)
Ex. HIV=retrovirus
assembly - ✔️✔️-immature virus particle formed
-Concentrations of material is localized→ collect in certain areas until there are enough
pieces and parts to form new virus particles
-Packaging
-Assembly site-where all the packaging is made, put together→ depends on the type of
the virus
-Cytoplasm (RNA virus), Nucleus, Inner side of membrane
release - ✔️✔️assembled viruses are released by budding (exocytosis) or cell lysis
budding - ✔️✔️-only occurs for enveloped viruses
-Basically exocytosis, takes part of the membrane and some proteins with it as the virus
leaves
-Does not kill the cell immediately
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