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BMS 301 EXAM 3 ALL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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BMS 301 EXAM 3 ALL QUESTIONS ANDVERIFIED ANSWERS
4 Processes that make up Respiration - ANSWER 1. Pulmonary ventilation
(breathing)
2. External respiration (movement of O2 from lungs into blood; CO2 from
blood to lungs)
3. Transport of respiratory gases in the blood
4. Internal respiration (movement of O2 from blood into tissue cells; CO2 from
cells into blood)
External Respiration - ANSWER level at lungs: from lung O2 to blood, or
blood CO2 to lungs
Internal Respiration - ANSWER level at tissues: O2 from the blood into the
tissue; CO2 from tissues into the blood
what are the critical components of homeostatic regulation of body pH? -
ANSWER kidneys and lungs
When the diaphragm contracts do we increase or decrease the volume in the
thoracic cavity? - ANSWER increase
the conducting zone is divisions ________ and is where _________ -
ANSWER 1-19 ; air is conditioned
the respiratory zone is divisions _______ and is where ____________ -
ANSWER 20-23 ; gas is exchanged
Functions of the Conducting Zone - ANSWER 1. low resistance air-way for
airflow
2. Defense/Protection
3. Warms and Moistens air
4. contains vocal cords
,Which respiration steps occur by diffusion and which by bulk flow? -
ANSWER Bulk Flow: Ventilation and the transport of the respiratory gases
Diffusion: the exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in the
lung capillaries, and the exchange of those gases in tissue capillaries and cells
Between breaths at the end of an unforced expiration, in what directions do the
lungs and chest wall tend to move? What prevents them from doing so? -
ANSWER The lungs tend to recoil inward, and the chest wall tends to move
out or expand. The resultant subatmospheric intrapleural pressure keeps the
lungs partially expanded and the chest wall partially compressed between
breaths.
(T/F) the trachea cannot bronchodilate or constrict. - ANSWER True
(T/F) Divisions 20-23 are all alveoli - ANSWER True
process of conditioning air in the conducting zone - ANSWER 1. warm air to
temperate of 37 degrees C
2. adds water vapor ( 100% humidity in alveoli)
3. filters foreign material to keep out of sacs
(T/F) Branching is a mechanism of filtering in the lungs to keep foreign
material out of the alveoli. - ANSWER True
Mucociliary Escalator - ANSWER cilia and mucus work together to keep
foreign particles out of the alveoli
upper tract move the debris down and the lower tract move the debris up to the
pharnyx to swallow the debris
(T/F) When you smoke a cigarette, the cilia get paralyzed for 20 mins
potentially causing bronchitis, sinus infections, etc. - ANSWER True
Respiratory Zone-Gas Exchange - ANSWER Braches 20-23
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs (clusters of alveoli)
,Site of Gas Exchange: The Alveoli - ANSWER The alveoli are tiny, hollow
sacs whose open ends are continuous with the lumen of the airways.
Extremely large surface area 70-75 m2
Allows for a very high diffusion rate
In some of the alveolar walls, pores permit the flow of air between alveoli.
(T/F) the small surface area of the alveoli allow for a high rate of gas exchange.
- ANSWER False. The LARGE surface area allows for this
If the distance increases between the capillaries and the alveoli, the diffusion
rate significantly____________. - ANSWER decreases
What could increasing the distance between capillaries and alveoli cause? -
ANSWER Edema
Type 1 Alveoli - ANSWER -are the most abundant
-structure
-gas exchange
Type 2 Alveoli - ANSWER -1-2% of structure
-make surfactant: lubricates the lungs and decrease surface tension
P = 2T / R - ANSWER *in order to keep the smaller alveoli (smaller radius)
from collapsing, we need a larger pressure inside the pulmonary system
WITHOUT surfactant
-Surfactant allows the pressures inside the two to be the SAME
Lung volume - ANSWER Something you physically measure
-Tidal Volume = 500mL normal amount of air that is inhaled at rest
-Inspiratory Reserve Volume = 3000mL maximum amount of air that can be
inspired
-Expiratory Reserve Volume = 1000mL maximum amount of air that can be
expired
, -Residual Volume = 1200 mL how much air is left over after you breathe
Lung capacity - ANSWER -Two or more volumes put together
-Vital Capacity: maximum amount of air you can move in and out of the lungs
Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] - ANSWER the maximal volume of gas that can
be exhaled from full inhalation by exhaling as forcefully and rapidly as possible
FEV1 - ANSWER the volume of air that can be forcefully expired in the first
second of a FVC maneuver
**FEV1 is normally 80% of the FVC
[what percent of vital capacity you can expire in 1 second]
FEV1/FVC: - ANSWER FEV1 expressed as a percentage of the FVC, gives a
clinically useful index of airflow limitation.
If someone's FEV1 is 60% and below than the person probably has an
__________ - ANSWER obstructive disorder
Minute Ventilation - ANSWER is the total amount of air that flows in or out of
the respiratory system in one minute (ml/min)
VE = VT * f - ANSWER VE = Minute ventilation
VT = Tidal Volume
f = respiratory rate
Inspiration Process - ANSWER 1. the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract; expanding thorax
2. Interpleural pressure decreases (more subatmospheric)
3. Transpulmonary pressure increases; lungs to expand.
4. By Boyle's law, an increase in lung volume with no change in the number of
gas molecules causes a decrease in pressure. Therefore, the Palv becomes
subatmospheric and air flows into the alveoli.
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