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BMS 301 COMP FINAL OBJECTIVES EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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BMS 301 COMP FINAL OBJECTIVESEXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Describe the planes of sections of the body. - ANSWER "Coronal/frontal:
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
transverse: divides the body into superior and inferior sections
sagittal: divides the body into left and right sections"
Describe the components of a typical reflex arc. - ANSWER "1) Receptor: on
the skin, target organ, etc. and it receives the sensory information from the
external environment
2) Afferent/Sensory neuron: brings the information from the receptor to the
CNS
3) Interneuron: CNS neuron that acts as an intermediate between afferent and
efferent neurons
4) Efferent/Motor neuron: brings motor information from CNS back to the
target
5) Target: site of final nerve action and where motor neuron terminates"
Describe the components of a typical spinal nerve and the function of each
component. - ANSWER "True Back mm = posterior/Dorsal
limb and body wall mm = anterior/Ventral
Root: 2+ sensory/afferent neurons OR 2+ motor/efferent neurons of different
nerves together
Root Ganglion: sensory neuron cell bodies
Ramus: a sensory/afferent and a motor/efferent neuron of the same nerve
together
Horn: within spiny vertebrae
Spinal Nerve: overlapping of the sensory and motor neurons for several nerves"
,Describe the terms: collateral circulation and anastomoses. - ANSWER
"collateral circulation: circulation that travels alongside something
anastamoses: joining of 2 different vessels with different origins
Anatomical Anastamoses: can visibly see 2 vessels joining
Functional Anastamoses: blood can flow through the anastamosis if the main
pathway is blocked"
Describe the hip bone, its components and unique features. - ANSWER adult
os coxae, made up of 3 bones that fuse during teenage years called ilium
(superior), ischium (posterior), and pubis (anterior), and they join at acetabulum
(socket for head of femur > hip bone articulation); there are L and R hip bones,
and they are responsible for transfering wt to lower limbs; angle and opening of
female pubis/hip > male because of big-brained babies
Describe the sacroiliac joint, its functions and ligaments and their functions. -
ANSWER jt b/w sacrum and ilium (iliac articular surface > sacral articular
surface); synovial non-axial gliding jt; limits anterior dislocation of sacrum and
transfers weight from sacrum to LL; ligaments are sacrospinous ligament
(sacrum > ischial spine; deep) and sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum > ischial
tuberosity; superficial)
Describe the different articulation of the pelvic region. - ANSWER "fibrous jt:
non-movable, made up of fibrous connective tissue
cartilagenous jt: slightly movable, made up of cartilage
synovial jt: freely movable, made up of articular cartilage, synovial membrane,
joint capsule, and joint cavity"
Describe the hip joint, its function and ligament. - ANSWER "articulation of
head of femur > acetabulum of hip bone; synovial multiaxial jt
(extension/flexion, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation)
functions: connects LL, allows for movement in 3 axes, provides mobility and
stability, shock absorption for torso and upper body
ligaments:
1) Ischiofemoral ligament: posterior, provides stability
2) iliofemoral ligament: anterior, provides stability, limits hip extension (can
stand for a long time w/o tiring)"
, Describe the gluteal muscles and their daily function. - ANSWER "1. Gluteus
maximus m: propulsion when walking, powerful hip extension when running
2. Gluteus medius m: limits hip adduction to stay upright
3. Gluteus minimus m: limits hip adduction to stay upright
4. Tensor fascia latae m: gives lateral support to hip and knee joints"
Describe the hip intrinsics and their functions. - ANSWER "From superior to
inferior: Piriformis, Sup. Gemellus, Obturator Internus, Inf. Gemellus,
Quadratus Femoris; also Obturator Externus
A: Posterior Ilium and Sacrum
B: Posterior and Lateral Femur
Actions: lateral hip rotation and hip abduction
Functions: Proprioception"
Describe superficial fascia, deep fascia and their functions. - ANSWER
"Superficial fascia: loose CT; holds fat, water, and has pathways for superficial
nn & vessels; provides protection and stability deep to skin
Deep fascia: dense/solid CT; no fat, water, or pathways; surrounds all muscles,
and separates muscles into compartments (regions of mm w/ same functions);
decreases friction b/w muscle layers and provides attachment; fascia lata in
thigh, crural fascia in leg"
List the nerve components of the lumbosacral plexus and their areas of
responsibility. - ANSWER "made up of 9 spinal nerves from the lumbar
plexus (L1-L5) and sacral plexus (S1-S4) ventral rami; regions of innervation
include the lower limb, gluteals, lower abdominal wall, pelvic/urogenital
viscera, and perineum;
Femoral n. = anterior thigh mm. (hip flexion, knee extension)
Obturator n. = medial thigh mm. (hip abduction)
Superior Gluteal n. = lesser gluteals, tensor fascia latae m.
Inferior Gluteal n. = Gluteus Maximus m.
Sciatic n. = posterior thigh mm. (hip extension, knee flexion); becomes tibial n
(posterior leg mm., plantarflexion) and common fibular n., which splits into
superficial (lateral leg mm., plantarflexion) and deep (anterior leg mm.,
dorsiflexion)"
"Describe the arterial supply to the lower limb, origins, branches and areas of
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