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NAU BIO 181 FINAL EXAM WITH SOLUTIONS
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NAU BIO 181 FINAL EXAM WITH SOLUTIONS
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NAU BIO 181 FINAL EXAM WITH SOLUTIONSMetabolism is organized into pathways. The pathway is linked in which of the following
manners? Correct Ans-The product of one step in the pathway functions as the substrate in
the next step.
A molecule of lactic acid has undergone a biochemical reaction where is has been reduced.
Which of the following has happened to the lactic acid molecule? Correct Ans-Electrons have
been added to it
What increases the efficiency of mitochondria? Correct Ans-The cristae
When is the first time CO2 is produced? Correct Ans-Pyruvate oxidation
Which of the following statements is true of pyruvate oxidation? Correct Ans-It requires
pyruvate dehydrogenase and Vitamin B complex
The main function of the Krebs (citric acid) cycle is to: Correct Ans-Harvest electrons
What are the products of the complete oxidation of glucose? Correct Ans-6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2
FADH2 and 4 ATP
,The Kreb's Cycle is a cycle because this compound combines with another and after several
reactions reverts to the original compound... Correct Ans-Ocalotacetate
What are the products of glycolysis? Correct Ans-Pyruvate & Byproducts: ATP, NADH
What are the products of pyruvate oxidation? Correct Ans-Acetyl CoA & Byproducts: NADH,
CO2
What are the products of the Krebs cycle? Correct Ans-NADH, FADH2 & Byproducts: ATP,
CO2, H2O
Which two parts of cellular respiration produce CO2? Correct Ans-Pyruvate oxidation & the
Krebs cycle
Chemiosmosis Correct Ans-The process where we make the majority (about 30) of ATP
The majority of the ATP generated during cellular respiration occurs during Correct Ans-
Chemiosmosis
A woman sues a man for child support. She has Type A blood, her child type O, and the man
type AB. Could the man be the father? What are the possible blood types between a type A
person and a type AB person? Correct Ans-Yes. A, AB, B
, Describe the structure of amino acids: what is the N and C terminus? Correct Ans-Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins. Hydrogen atom, carboxyl functional group (COOH), an
amino functional group (NH2), and a "R-group". The two ends of a protein/polypeptide chain
are the N and C terminus. Protein sequences are given N-->C in direction.
How do amino acids vary? What differences does their charge make? Correct Ans-They vary
in their R-groups (side chains). The charges on the functional groups are important for two
reasons: 1) they help amino acids stay in solution, where they can interact with one another and
with other soutes 2) they affect the amino acid's chemical reactivity.
What determines the shape of a protein? Correct Ans-The location of each amino acid in the
long string of amino acids that forms a protein determines its three-dimensional shape.
Describe the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors Correct Ans-In
competitive inhibition, the regulatory molecule is silmiliar in size and shape to the enzyme's
natural substrate and inhibits catalysis by binding to the enzyme's active site. The molecule
involved competes with the substrate for access to the enzyme's active site.
Nonsense mutation and its impact on a protein Correct Ans-Nonsense mutations occur
when a codon that specifies an amino acid is changed by mutation to one that specifies a stop
codon. This cases early termination of the polypeptide chain and often results in a non-
functional protein.
Impact of enzyme saturation on a reaction Correct Ans-When more enzymes become
saturated with substrates, the rate of the reaction increases.
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