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Exam of 63 pages for the course BACE at BACE (BACE Review)
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BACE ReviewStructural component of cell membrane, Ex: Phospholipid - answer Lipid
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. - answer
What is the most likely reason there is an unexpected band in a PCR reaction? - answer
Using too low temp.
What should be included on the gel to enable you to determine actual sizes of the DNA
fragments? - answer Molecular weight marker and DNA Ladder
What is MRNA? - answer What the order of amino acids on a polypeptide chain is
encoded by
Who has final say if a production batch may be released for sale or use? - answer
Function of Quality Assurance (QA) personnel?
What contributed to biotechnology in the 1950's? - answer The 3D structure of DNA is
revealed.
What is agar? - answer Solid media on which bacteria grow
What part of an amino acid differs from one to the other? – answer R group
What is secondary protein structure? - answer Occurs when amino acid sequence is
linked by hydrogen bonds.
What are the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon
compounds possible? - answer Form tetra relevant bonds, highly stable/unstable, able
to form short and long chains
A polypeptide is an ___ chain of amino acids - answer Unbranched
Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? - answer Hydrophobic
Structural component of plant cell walls, Ex: Cellulose - answer Carbohydrate
Catalyze biochemical reactions, Ex: Enzyme - answer Protein
Store and transfer genetic information in the cell, Ex: RNA - answer Nucleic Acid
,What is antiparallel DNA? - answerThe nucleotide strands of DNA are oriented in
opposite directions in a structure that is described as
An enzyme that cuts DNA after recognizing a specific sequence of DNA. -
answerRestriction enzyme
Form the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. - answerPhospholipid
Identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. - answerAntibody
Rules over cell functions which include cell division, morphing of the shape of the cells,
cell mobility and other contractile properties/Helps in muscle contraction -
answerActin/Myosin
Why are enzyme solutions always prepared using a buffered solvent at a specific pH? -
answerEnzymes lose function outside of a narrow pH range
How many amino acids are there? - answer20
Why does the rate of a chemical reaction increase with increasing temperature? -
answerLeads to increase in high energy collisions.
What affects rate of chemical reaction? - answerConcentration of reactants, heat, the
presence of a catalyst
Converts energy into ATP; take place in mitochondria - answerCellular respiration
Cellular energy with oxygen - answerAerobic respiration
Cellular energy without oxygen - answerAnaerobic respiration
What is meiosis and what happens if it does not happen during sex-cell development in
plants? - answerProcess where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells
containing half the original amount of genetic information (sex cells). They go through
mitosis.
Denature proteins and give them negative charge - answerWhat is the purpose of SDS
when used in SDS electrophoresis?
Whats difference between diploid/haploid/zygote? - answerHaploid: One set of
chromosomes; gametes
Diploid: Two sets of chromosomes; somatic cells
Zygote: 2 haploid gametes fuse during fertilization to form a diploid cell (zygote)
After a mitotic division, how many chromosomes do daughter cells have compared with
the parent cell? - answerSame as parent; 46
,Alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a
chromosome. - answerAlleles
Are humans diploid or haploid? - answerDiploid
Genes encode for proteins. During translation, MRna encodes a blueprint to make the
proteins. In transcription, DNA makes complimentary RNA. - answerTranslation and
Transcription
The replication of DNA, in which each original strand of DNA serves as a template for a
new strand, is called: - answerSemiconservative replication
What is polymerase chain reaction? - answerA technique used in molecular biology to
amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of
magnitude
Enzymes involved with in vivo DNA replication, and which are also used as tools in
biotechnology include: - answerPolymerase and Ligase
DNA does not contain base pair - answerUracil
Adenine and guanine - answerPurines
Thymine and cytosine - answerPyrimidines
(PCR) requires what enzyme to be thermostable (resistant to high temperatures) in
order to "amplify" a sample of DNA? - answerDNA Polymerase
If you think of recombinant DNA technology as cutting and pasting pieces of DNA,
which molecule represents the glue? - answerLigase
Bacteria cell DNA is divided into operons. Describe an operon using the terms
promoter, operator, and structural gene. - answerAn operon consists of a group of
structural genes that code for enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway. They are under
control of a promoter (a short segment of DNA to which the RNA polymerase binds to
initiate transcription) and regulated by an operator.
Complimentary base pairing holding two DNA strands together is due to: -
answerHydrogen bonding
What are phospholipids found in? - answerCell membranes and endoplasmic reticulums
What are polysaccharide useful for? - answerStore the energy we gain from consuming
food
, Lipids are composed mostly of what atoms? - answerCarbon and hydrogen
What is the purpose of lysosomes? - answerDigestion and waste removal
Eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant or fungus. - answerProtista
How many polypeptide chains are found in an antibody, and how are they held together
in a protein? - answer4; held together by Peptide bonds
How do vaccines work? - answerImitating an infection to produce T cells and antibodies
to produce memory t cells so the body knows how to fight back when actually
threatened by this.
What does cGMP stand for? - answerCurrent good manufacturing practices
What is Cell Theory? - answerAll living things are made up of cells, A cell is the smallest
unit in a living thing, All cells come from other cells.
List the five steps of scientific process in order - answerQuestion, hypothesis,
experiment, analysis, conclusion
What do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common? - answerplasma membranes,
phospholipids, one or more chromosones
What is unique about eukaryotes? - answernucleus and lysosomes
what assay do you run when looking for the presence and concentration of a specific
protein? - answerELISA
What assay do you run when looking for the identity and purity of a specific protein? -
answerSDS Page
Define stability. - answerTime period protein remains active
What looks for presence of total protein? - answerSpectrophotometer
What makes up a prokaryote? - answerSmall rings of DNA with only a few genes and
floating in the cytoplasm
What makes up a eukaryote? - answerLinear, very long pieces of DNA with many
thousands of genes
What is CDNA? - answerDNA synthesized using an RNA template
True or False: DNA polymerases are the enzymes that create DNA molecules by
assembling nucleotides. - answerTRUE
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