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NSG-3130 EXAM 4 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE 2024
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NSG-3130 EXAM 4 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
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ESTUDYNSG-3130 EXAM 4 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
1. Which of the following are the main components of the heart?
o A) The pump, the nervous system, the lungs
o B) The pump, the electrical system, the vascular system, and the blood volume
o C) The brain, the spinal cord, and the blood
o D) The liver, the kidneys, and the pancreas
o Answer: B
2. What should the LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) level be to prevent clogging of blood
vessels?
o A) Less than 100
o B) Less than 130
o C) Greater than 200
o D) Greater than 45
o Answer: B
3. Which serum electrolyte imbalance can affect heart conduction?
o A) High calcium levels
o B) Low potassium levels
o C) Increased sodium levels
o D) Elevated iron levels
o Answer: B
4. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
o A) To carry carbon dioxide
o B) To bind reversibly with oxygen
o C) To transport electrolytes
o D) To assist in blood clotting
o Answer: B
5. Elevated levels of creatinine kinase and troponin usually indicate which condition?
o A) Heart arrhythmia
o B) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
o C) High blood pressure
o D) Anemia
o Answer: B
6. Which of the following best defines 'preload' in cardiac function?
o A) The pressure in the arteries during contraction
o B) The volume and pressure of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
o C) The resistance the heart must overcome to pump blood
o D) The rate at which the heart beats
o Answer: B
7. What does 'afterload' refer to in the context of the heart?
o A) The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
o B) The volume of blood in the atria
o C) The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
o D) The relaxation phase of the heartbeat
o Answer: C
8. Cardiac output is calculated by which of the following formulas?
,ESTUDY
o A) Stroke volume divided by heart rate
o B) Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
o C) Blood pressure multiplied by heart rate
o D) Cardiac reserve minus stroke volume
o Answer: B
9. Which of the following is a normal lifespan change in older adults regarding the
cardiovascular system?
o A) Increased heart rate
o B) Decreased muscle tone in the heart leading to reduced cardiac output
o C) Lower blood pressure with age
o D) Increase in the elasticity of blood vessels
o Answer: B
10. Which populations are at a higher risk of developing chronic hypertension and heart
diseases?
A) Asian American and Caucasian populations
B) African American and Hispanic populations
C) Native American and European populations
D) Pacific Islander and Middle Eastern populations
Answer: B
11. What is a common cardiovascular concern in geriatric patients?
A) More elastic blood vessels
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Stiffened valves leading to decreased cardiac output
D) Improved baroreceptor response
Answer: C
12. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
A) Smoking
B) High cholesterol
C) Age and family history
D) Sedentary lifestyle
Answer: C
13. Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Lifestyle choices and stress
D) Genetic predisposition
Answer: C
14. Metabolic syndrome is typically defined by the presence of how many risk factors?
A) One or two
B) Three or more
, ESTUDY
C) Five or more
D) Only one risk factor
Answer: B
15. Central obesity, a component of metabolic syndrome, refers to which of the
following?
A) Fat distribution around the arms and legs
B) Excess fat around the abdominal area
C) Low body weight with high muscle mass
D) Uniform fat distribution throughout the body
Answer: B
16. Which of the following are common serum lipid levels recommended for heart
health?
A) LDL less than 200, HDL less than 45, Total cholesterol less than 150
B) LDL less than 130, HDL greater than 45, Total cholesterol less than 200
C) LDL greater than 130, HDL less than 40, Total cholesterol greater than 250
D) LDL greater than 100, HDL less than 45, Total cholesterol less than 300
Answer: B
17. What does an elevated troponin level indicate in a patient?
A) Normal heart function
B) Heart inflammation
C) Cardiac muscle damage, often seen in a heart attack
D) High blood pressure
Answer: C
18. Which of these can increase afterload in the heart?
A) Low blood pressure
B) Vasoconstriction and hypertension
C) Increased heart rate
D) A decrease in blood volume
Answer: B
19. Which of the following statements is true about serum electrolytes and heart
function?
A) High potassium levels do not affect the heart
B) Abnormal sodium and potassium levels can disrupt the heart's electrical activity
C) Calcium has no effect on heart contraction
D) Electrolytes only affect blood pressure, not the heart
Answer: B
20. What is the main effect of a decreased cardiac output?
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