CTD 261 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATECTD 261 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATECTD 261 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% ACCURATEnonwoven - ANSWER-made directly from fibers without first processing the fibers into yarns; historical photos for nonwovens are felt (wool), papyrus (ce...
CTD 261 FINAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE
nonwoven - ANSWER-made directly from fibers without first processing the fibers into
yarns; historical photos for nonwovens are felt (wool), papyrus (cellulose), and bark
cloth; made from a variety of fiber types through a variety of processes; fabrics are
inexpensive
films - ANSWER-add more structure to nonwovens; vinyl and polyurethane
web stabilization - ANSWER-Mechanical entanglement
Heat and pressure
Adhesives
web formation - ANSWER-the fibers in the web can be arranged in three ways:
oriented, crossland, and random
fiberfill - ANSWER-fiber staple made especially for filler
multi-component - ANSWER-fabrics that combine several primary and/or secondary
textile structures, at least one of which is a recognized textile structure, into a single
structure.
stitchbonded - ANSWER-also called stitch through, stitch knitted, mali, faster than
knitting or weaving; made from yarns laid down in warp and fill direction crosswise, then
stitched through with a third set of yarns; often used in upholstery
hybrid nonwoven - ANSWER-coated - fabric coated with thin polymer film (semi-liquid
material) to provide protection or simulate leather
POROMERICS- film very thin and microporous, membrane, allow passage of water
vapor (permeable) but not liquid water
desizing - ANSWER-warp size is removed with enzymes
singeing - ANSWER-the burning-off of loose fibers not firmly bound into the yarn and/or
fabric structure
shearing - ANSWER-for pile fabrics, surface pile is cut to control the pattern and
appearance.
cleaning - ANSWER-scouring
biopolishing - ANSWER-cellulase enzyme treatments to clean fuzz
, from cellulose and blend fabrics
cellulose dyes - ANSWER-may be dyed with a variety of dye types, depending upon the
results desired; vat, sulfur, direct, reactives
protein dyes - ANSWER-most commonly dyed with members of the acid dye family;
cationic dyes are used with some success for wool and silk, but light fastness is not as
good as that of acid dyes in wool; acid, acid premetallized, and neutral premetallized
polyester dyes - ANSWER-mostly dyed with disperse dyes, although a small quantity is
dyeable with cationic dyes; blends of regular polyester, cationic dyeable polyester, and
rayon can give three different colors in the same dyebath, producing heather effects
fabrics
acetate dyes - ANSWER-Disperse dyes are nonionic and are sparingly soluble in water;
they were originally developed for acetate in the 1920s
mercerizing - ANSWER-fabric is momentarily immersed in strong
NaOH solution while under Tension, then rinsed
tentering - ANSWER-drying a fabric to specific width and length.
Yarns straightened.
carbonizing - ANSWER-wool fabrics to remove any cellulosic impurities
fulling - ANSWER-wool fabrics are shrunk in a controlled manner
degumming - ANSWER-remove silk gum
dye - ANSWER-colorants which enter the textile fiber at the molecular level
pigment - ANSWER-larger agglomerates of colorant molecules which are far too large
to diffuse into the fiber and hence need to be physically attached to the fabric surface
insoluble color particles that are held on the surface of the fabric.
auxiliaries - ANSWER-Materials used along with colorants to enhance the application of
the colorants to the textile product
dope, solution, producer dye - ANSWER-For manufactured fibers only
Dyes or pigments added to the polymer or solution prior to spinning
Fibers emerge from spinneret already colored
Commonly used for olefin and acetate
gel dyeing - ANSWER-add dye to wet spun fiber while in the gel state
fiber or stock dyeing - ANSWER-For any staple fiber
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