Hurst on Gastrointestinal Pre course Study Guide Exam Questions and Verified for Accuracy Answers 2024/2025
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Hurst on Gastrointestinal Pre course Study Guide Exam Questions and Verified for Accuracy Answers 2024/2025
Cirrhosis of the liver pathophysiology - correct answer Liver cells are destroyed and are replaced with connective scar tissue - alters the circulation within the liver - the BP in the liv...
Hurst on Gastrointestinal Pre course Study
Guide Exam Questions and Verified for
Accuracy Answers 2024/2025
Cirrhosis of the liver pathophysiology - correct answer Liver
cells are destroyed and are replaced with connective scar tissue -
alters the circulation within the liver - the BP in the liver goes up,
this is called portal hypertension
What is portal Hypertension? - correct answer Increased BP
in the liver
S/S of Cirrhosis - correct answer a. Very firm, nodular liver
b. Abdominal pain - liver capsule has stretched (liver has a
capsule around it when the capsule stretches it hurts because it
has nerves in it)
c. Chronic dyspepsia (GI upset)
d. Change in bowel habits
e. Ascites can occur
f. Splenomegaly - immune system
g. Serum albumin decreases (albumin holds onto fluid in vascular
space - if liver is sick, its not making albumin - no albumin =
fluids coming out = ascites)
h. ALT & AST liver enzymes increases
i. Amenia - when liver is sick, bleeding can occur
S/S of Cirrhosis - Can progress to Hepatic Encephalopathy /
Coma - correct answer Hepatic Encepalopathy: is a
,worsening of brain function that occurs when the liver is no
longer able to remove toxic substances in the blood.
Ammonia builds up when liver is sick, it acts as a sedative.
How is Cirrhosis diagnosed? - correct answer a. Ultrasound
b. CT, MRI
c. Confirm with a Liver Biopsy - worry about bleeding!
Liver Biopsy things to remember - correct answer a. Clotting
studies pre-op: PT & PTT
b. Vital signs pre-procedure
c. Position patient: supine with right arm behind head
d. Tell the patient to exhale and hold breathe to get the
diaphragm out of the way
e. Post-op patient position: Lie on right side to hold pressure
Vital signs
Worried about bleeding
Treatment for Cirrhosis - correct answer a. Antacids,
Vitamins, Diuretics
b. No more alcohol (don't need more damage)
c. I & O and daily weights (anytime you have ascites you have a
fluid volume problem)
d. Rest - due to build up of toxins
, e. Prevent bleeding (bleeding precautions) No IM, ASA
f. Measure abdominal girth, why? Ascities
Treatment for Cirrhosis Continued - correct answer g.
Paracentesis
-Removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity (a low puncture)
(ascites) (need to check BP - might go into shock - hypotensive,
FVD)
-Have client void
-Position sitting up
-Vital signs (baseline)
*Testing Strategy - anytime you are pulling fluids - worry about
throwing them into shock*
h. Monitor jaundice - 1st place eyes, skin - good skin care
i. Avoid narcotics - liver can't metabolize drugs well when it's
sick
j. Diet:
Decrease protein (a high protein diet = increase in serum
ammonia level)
Low Na diet
*Testing Strategy - If you give liver client narcotics its the same
thing as double dosing them.* - correct answer Blank
What are the 2 symptoms of going into shock? - correct
answer 1. BP decreases
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