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Review For The Final (NUR 106) Questions With Correct Detailed Answers 2025.
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Review For The Final (NUR 106) Questions With Correct Detailed Answers 2025.
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Review For The Final (NUR 106)Questions With Correct Detailed
Answers 2025.
Wound care - treatment for small lacerations that don't require sutures, treatment for
puncture wounds - ANSWER- (1) Lacerations: Wash the wound gently with mild soap &
water or normal saline
(2) Puncture wounds
(a) Cleanse by soaking the foot in warm water with soap
(b) Avoid the use of hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, & povidone-iodine - have a cytotoxic
effect on healthy cells & minimal effect on controlling infection
(c) Cover an open wound
Impetigo contagiosa - key features - ANSWER- (a) Begins as a reddish macule
(b) Becomes vesicular
(c) Ruptures easily, leaving superficial, moist erosion
(d) Tends to spread peripherally in sharply marginated irregular outlines
(e) Exudate dries to form heavy, honey-colored crusts
(f) Pruritus common
Impetigo contagiosa - how to prevent spread - ANSWER- Handwashing!!
Impetigo contagiosa - tx - ANSWER- (a) Careful removal of undermined skin, crusts, &
debris by softening with 1: 20 Burow solution compresses
(b) Topical application of bacterial ointment
(c) Systemic administration of oral parenteral antibiotics (penicillin) in severe or
extensive lesions
Cellulitis - clinical manifestations - ANSWER- (a) *Lymphangitis* "streaking" frequently
seen
(b) Inflammation of skin & subcutaneous tissues with intense redness, swelling, & firm
infiltration
(c) Involvement of regional lymph nodes common
(d) May progress to abscess formation
Cellulitis - causative agent - ANSWER- streptococcus, staphylococcus
Cellulitis - tx - ANSWER- (a) Oral or parenteral antibiotics
(b) Rest & immobilization of both affected area & child
(c) Hot, moist compresses to area
,Tinea capitis (ringworm) - causative agent - ANSWER- Trichophyton tonsurans,
microsporum audouinii, microsporum canis
Tinea capitis (ringworm) - tx - ANSWER- (a) Oral griseofulvin (most common)
(b) Oral ketoconazole for difficult cases
(c) Selenium sulfide shampoos
(d) Topical antifungal agents (may try this 1st)
Poison Ivy - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Cleanse the skin as soon as exposure is
realized!
(b) Cleanse skin with isopropyl alcohol followed by water, then a shower with warm
water and soap
(c) Apply calamine lotion to lesions or Aveeno baths to relieve discomfort
(d) Topical corticosteroid gel for prevention or relief of inflammation
Poison Ivy - nursing care management - ANSWER- (a) Make every effort to prevent the
child from scratching the lesions - do not want them to become infected!
(b) Lesions do not spread by contact from blister serum or scratching, but they can
become secondarily infected
Poison Ivy - clinical manifestations, how it's contacted - ANSWER- (a) Produce localized
lesions
(b) Caused by urushiol from plant's leaves & stems
(c) Sensitivity to urushiol is not inborn & may develop after 1 or 2 exposures & may
change over time
(d) Urushiol takes effect as soon as it touches the skin
(e) Full-blown reaction evident after ~ 2 days, with redness, swelling, & itching at the
contact site
(f) Several days later, streaked or spotty blisters oozing serum from damaged cells
produce the characteristic impetiginous lesions
(g) Lesions dry & heal spontaneously, & itching stops by 10 to 14 days
Bee stings - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Carefully scrape off stinger or pull out stinger as
quickly as possible (1st)
(b) Cleanse with soap & water
(c) *Apply cool compresses*
(d) Administer antihistamines
(e) Administer epinephrine (severe reactions)
Black widow spider - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Cleanse wound with antiseptic
(b) Apply cool compresses
(c) Administer antivenin
(d) Child needs to go to the ER!
Scorpion - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Delay absorption of venom by keeping child quiet
(trying to keep them calm); place involved area in dependent position
,(b) Administer antivenin (A Trip to the ER!)
Ticks - know what diseases tick bites may cause - ANSWER- Rocky Mountain spotted
fever & Lyme disease
Ticks - know how to avoid these infections - ANSWER- (a) Teach children to avoid
areas where prevalent
(b) Inspect skin (especially scalp) after being in wooded areas
Ticks - treatment after a tick bite - ANSWER- (a) Grasp tick with tweezers as close as
possible to point of attachment
(b) Pull straight up with steady, even pressure; if using bare hands, use a tissue to
touch tick during removal; wash hands thoroughly with soap & water.
(c) Remove any remaining part with sterile needle
Scabies - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Topical treatment: Permethrin 5% cream (Elimite)
(b) Oral treatment: Ivermectin if infestation refractory
(•) Must be > 5 years of age & body weight > 15 kg
Scabies - clinical manifestations - ANSWER- (a) Inflammation occurs *30 to 60 days*
after initial contact
(b) If previously sensitized to the mite, response occurs within 48 hrs after exposure
(c) Intense pruritus over areas where mite has traveled
Pediculosis capitis (head lice) - clinical manifestations - ANSWER- (a) Very common,
especially in school-age children
(b) Scalp itching is the most common symptom
(c) Adult louse lives 48 hrs without a human host; female louse has a life span of 30
days
(d) Females lay eggs (nits) at the base of the hair shaft
(e) Nits hatch in 7 to 10 days
Pediculosis capitis (head lice) - tx - ANSWER- (a) Tx is pediculicides (OTC medication,
no prescription needed) & qd manual removal of nits
(i) Drug of choice is permethrin 1% cream (Nix)
Pediculosis capitis (head lice) -teaching for family & prevention measures - ANSWER-
(a) Machine wash all washable clothing, towels, & bed linens in hot water & dry them in
a hot dryer for @ least 20 mins. Dry clean nonwashable items
(b) Thoroughly vacuum carpets, car seats, pillows, stuffed animals, rugs, mattresses, &
upholstered furniture
(c) Seal nonwashable items in plastic bags for *14 days* if unable to dry clean or
vacuum
(d) Soak combs, brushes, & hair accessories in lice-killing products for 1 hr or in boiling
water for 10 mins
, Pediculosis capitis (head lice) -nursing implications - ANSWER- (a) Provide education
to family regarding spread of lice
(b) Caution children against sharing items on or near the hair
(c) Instruct parents on proper use of pediculicides
(d) Use an extra-fine tooth comb to facilitate manual removal of nits
(e) Avoid spraying environment with insecticide due to danger to children & animals
Psoriasis - treatment - ANSWER- (a) Tar preparations in combination with UVB light or
natural sunlight
(b) Topical corticosteroids
Diaper dermatitis - causative agent, - ANSWER- Caused by prolonged and repetitive
contact with an irritant (urine, feces, soaps, detergents, ointments, friction, etc.)
Diaper dermatitis -how to prevent and treat, nursing care management and teaching for
family - ANSWER- (1) Includes altering wetness, pH, & fecal irritants
(•) Change diaper as soon as it becomes wet (*Keep Skin Dry!*)
(•) Expose healthy or only slightly irritated skin to air, not heat, to dry completely
(•) Avoid use of hair dryer or heat lamp as they may cause burns
(•) Avoid use of baby powder due to danger of aspiration
(•) Avoid overwashing the skin with perfumed soaps or commercial wipes, which can
further irritate the skin
(•) Apply ointment such as zinc oxide to protect skin, especially if the skin is very red or
has moist, open
areas
Atopic dermatitis - locations of lesions in infants - ANSWER- *Cheeks, Scalp, Trunk, &
Extensor surfaces of arms & legs*
Atopic dermatitis - risk factors - ANSWER- (a) Family history of allergy
(b) Increased immunoglobulin E in cord blood & postnatal serum
(c) Dry, Flaky skin
Atopic dermatitis - nursing care management, teaching for parents - ANSWER- (a)
Control intense pruritus - scratching leads to new lesions & may cause secondary
infections
(•) Keep child's nails short, clean, and filed
(•) Use gloves or cotton stockings over hands; Avoid woolen clothes or blankets, rough
fabrics, etc.
(•) Use mild detergent, avoid use of fabric softener
(•) Apply cool, wet compresses to relive any discomfort
(b) If child is being treated with baths for hydration, it is imperative that the emollient
preparation be applied STAT after bathing, while the skin is still slightly moist, to prevent
drying
(c) Educate parents about hypoallergenic diet if prescribed, inform them results from tx
take time
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