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NUR 443 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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NUR 443 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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NUR 443 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONSWITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Health belief model (hbm) - answer-a psychological framework used to explain and
predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals
Perceived susceptibility - answer-how likely a person feels they are to get a particular
condition. For example, a person with a family history of diabetes may feel that they are
more susceptible to the condition.
Perceived severity - answer-the belief about the seriousness of a condition and its
potential consequences. If someone believes diabetes will lead to severe health
outcomes like blindness or amputation, the are more likely to engage in preventative
behaviors.
Perceived benefits - answer-beliefs about the efficacy of taking action to reduce disease
risk. If people believe managing their blood sugar will prevent complications, they are
more motivated to adhere to a treatment plan.
Perceived barriers - answer-the perceived challenges or obstacles to taking action. For
example, insulin injections or the cost of medication can act as barriers to managing
diabetes.
Cues to action - answer-triggers that prompt an individual to take action. These can
include health campaigns, advice from an hcp, or experiencing a related health issue in
a friend or family member.
Self-efficacy - answer-confidence in one's ability to successfully take action. This
component is crucial in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, where long-term
lifestyle changes are necessary.
Hbm application to nursing - answer-nurses can use the hbm to assess pts beliefs
about their susceptibility to diseases, perceive the severity their condition, and any
barriers they might face in seeking care or adhering to treatment plans. Nursing
interventions should aim to increase the patient's self-efficacy, reduce perceived
barriers, and emphasize the benefits of healthy behaviors.
Social determinants of health - answer-non-medical factors that influence health
outcomes. These are often outside an individual's control but can significantly impact
their health.
Sdoh - answer-economic stability, education, health and healthcare, social and
community context, neighbourhood and built environment
, Sdoh application to nursing - answer-nurses must assess the impact of social
determinants on their patient's health. For example, a patient from a low-income
background may struggle to afford medication or nutritious food, which could negatively
affect their management of chronic conditions such as htn or dm. Nursing interventions
should aim to connect patients with resources like community health workers, social
services, and health education programs.
Cultural competence - answer-refers to the ability of healthcare professionals to provide
care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors. This includes tailoring
healthcare delivery to meet patients' social, cultural, and linguistic needs.
Cultural humility - answer-goes beyond cultural competence by emphasizing a life time
commitment to self-reflection, self-critique, and learning from others. It recognizes that
healthcare providers must continuously learn from patients about their culture and avoid
assuming expertise based on generalizations.
Application to nursing - answer-nurses should be aware of cultural differences in health
beliefs and practices and provide care that is sensitive to these differences. This can
involve learning key phrases in the patient's preferred language, using medical
interpreters, and understanding cultural practices that may influence health behaviors.
Cultural humility encourages nurses to approach each patient as an individual, rather
than relying on stereotypes.
Community health workers - answer-frontline public health workers who have a close
understanding of the community they serve. They help to bridge the gap between
healthcare systems and underserved populations by offering culturally appropriate
health education, assisting with access to healthcare, and providing support in
managing chronic conditions
Key roles of chws - answer-health education
Case management
Connecting patients to resources
Disease prevention and health promo
Chw application to nursing - answer-chws are vital in communities where language
barriers or cultural differences prevent patients from accessing proper care. They often
help in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes by educating patients on self-care
and facilitating better adherence to treatment plans. Nurses should collaborate with chw
to ensure pt receive comprehensive care that extends beyond the clinical setting
Race as a social construct - answer-race is not a biological reality but rather a social
construct that affects how people are treated in society. Biologically, human populations
share 99.9% of their dna, and most of the genetic variation is found within racial groups,
not between them
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