Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update ( Graded A+)
From what does an Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) result ? - Answers clonal proliferation of lymphoid and lymphoblasts
Where does the clonal proliferation of the lymphoblasts occur in ALL? - Answers Bone marrow...
From what does an Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) result ? - Answers clonal proliferation of
lymphoid and lymphoblasts
Where does the clonal proliferation of the lymphoblasts occur in ALL? - Answers Bone marrow
Spleen
Liver
Lymph nodes
Brain/spinal cords
Bones
Joints
What does 'acute' refer to ? - Answers -undifferentiated
-immature state
-circulating lymphocytes (BLASTS)
-rapid progression of disease
-Fatal in weeks to months if untreated
In what age groups is ALL mostly seen ? - Answers 2-10 YO
What percent of the cases occur in adults ? - Answers 20%
what percent of adult leukemias is for ALL ? - Answers 80-85%
what is the percentage of ALL in childhood cancers? - Answers 30%
Where is the incidence of ALL higher ? - Answers higher in advanced countries than developing
What race has higher incidence of ALL? - Answers Whites more than black
What is the ratio of incidence between the sexes? - Answers males are affected more than females by a
ratio of 1.4:1
What are some possible factors of ALL? - Answers viruses
radiation
cytotoxic chemotherapy
,benzene
What historical act raised the incidence of ALL? - Answers the atomic bomb during WWII
Is there any genetic factor in some cases of ALL ? - Answers Yes
What is a characteristic of the clinical manifestations of ALL? - Answers sudden occurrence of symptoms
what are most symptoms related to ? - Answers Bone marrow failure and extensive involvement of the
BM by leukemic cells
What are the symptoms related to BM failure in ALL? - Answers malaise
fever
petichiael rash
fatigue
infection
appearance of blue marks following minor injury
bleeding
what are the findings due to extra medullary invasion? - Answers splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
joint pain
bone pain
What is a typical early complaint in children ? - Answers pain in the joints
inability to walk
Why do some children with ALL suffer from the inability to walk ? - Answers due to the infiltration of the
leukemic cells into the bones
what is a distinctive feature noted in 70% of the cases with ALL? - Answers infection of the meninges
causing neurologic symptoms like:
-headache
-nausea
-vomiting
, Why do we use morphologic examination in ALL and for what ? - Answers we use it to diagnose ALL and
we look at the PB and BM as well cytochemical stains
immunological makers and chromosomal abnormalities
What 3 criteria do we use in the diagnosis of ALL? - Answers Morphology
Immunological features
Prognosis
According to morphology how many types can ALL be divided ? - Answers 3 types
L1
L2
L3
How many types can ALL be divided into according to immunological features ? - Answers according to
the lymphoid cell involved:
Pro-B ALL
CALL
Pre-B ALL
B-ALL
T-ALL
In general the prognosis of ALL varies between ? - Answers very good prognosis and very poor
What are the typical laboratory findings with ALL ? - Answers - Leukocytosis (100,000/mm3)
-Normochromic normocytic anemia (Hb<10)
-thrombocytopenia (platelet < 50,000/mm3)
Irrespective of leukocyte count what is revealed on smears and using what stain? - Answers using
Romanowsky stained blood smears, lymphoblasts are almost always present (30%)
what usually uncommon in Aleukemic ALL ? - Answers having no lymphoblasts
How does the BM look in ALL ? - Answers hyper cellular with replacement of normal hematopoietic cells
by leukemic lymphoblasts.
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